<1rnnrnr~ttt m4tnlngirttl .nnlItl!} Continuing LEHRE UND WEHRE MAGAZIN FUER Ev.-LuTH. HOMILETIK THEOLOGICAL QUARTERLy-THEOLOGICAL MONTHLY Vol. IX June, 1938 No.6 CONTENTS Pare Professional Growth in Comparative Symbolits. Th. Graebner . __ 401 A Course in Lutheran Theology. Th. Engelder . . ____ .... . _ .. __ ... __ .... _ 405 Kleine Danieistudien. L. Fuerbringer _______________ ___ .. ______ .... _____ .. ________ .. . 420 On Liturgical Uniformity. R. R. Caenunerer---------- ____ . __ ._._. __ _______ . ___ . 432 Sermon Study on Eph.2:19-22. Th. Laetsch _ .. _ .. ______ .. __ .. ___ _ _________ 441 Theological Observer. - .Kircblich-Zeitgeschichtliches __ _________________ 452 Book Review. - Literatur ____________________ ___ __ _ .. __ ..... .. __ .... .. __ .. _ .... _ 473 Bin Prediger muss Dieht allein !Del- cIlm. also dsss er die Schafe unter- weise. wle ale rechte Chrl8ten sollen .. in. sondern aueh daneben den Woe\- fen tDshren, daIIII ale die Schafe nleht 8Jl8T8lfen und mit falscher Lehre ver- fuehren und Irrtum einfuebren. Luther Es 1st kein Dine. du die Leute mehr bel der KIrehe bebaelt denn die gute Predigt. - Apologte, Arl. 24 • U the trumpet Cive an uncertaID sound who shall prepare h1mM1f to the battle? - 1 Cor. 14, •• Published for the Ev. Lnth. Synod of Missouri, Ohio, and Other States CONCORDIA PUBLISHING BOUSE, St. Low., Mo. 420 .Rleine IDanielftubien Sl'Ieine S)llnielftunicn 3. ::iJnnief unter ineliufnl!ncijnr, }SeIfnijer lUtl! ::iJnriu(8 ~ e r m5 a ~ n fin n b e ~ Sf 0 n i 9 ~, Sfa~. 4 IDCit medj± gilt 91eourabneaar ar~ einer ber madjiigften Sjenfdjer unb geroartigften ~rooerer aller Bei±en; unb bodj if! eigentIiclj nur roenig 91adjridj± bon f ciner Beoen~gef cljict)te, f eincn Sfrieg~aiigen unb fonfiigen @reigniHen aUf un~ gdommcn. ~r regierte bon 605 og 562, oefe~figte aoer roo~f fcljon fett 609 bie oao\)fonifcljen ~Irmeen. ~er eiroa adj±aig ~afjre naclj bem ;robe 91courabneaar0 gcoome ®efdjidjb fcljreioer Sjerobot, ber j8ater ber )liertgefdjict)te, ber bie geroaItigen ~racljiOauten ineoufabneaar0 in maoel nodj gefefjen unb oefdjricoen ~at, 1)at fonf! nidj±§ bon i~m mitgeieilt, nidj± einmaf feinen entfcljeibenben @Sieg oei Sfardjemifdj 606. Unb bon bem, roa0 aroei anbere @Scljrift~ fteller, ber oab1)10nif clje ~rief±er meroif ll~ (um 280 bor ~fjrifto) llnb fein @ScljiiIer, iiber i~n gefcljriebell ~aocn, finb nur mruclj1±iicfe aUf lln~ gefommen. 91ur bon 91eoufabncaar0 gro\3arfigen mautell acugen noclj bie ~nfdjriften f einer ~On3\)finber unb bie all~ bem jafjrljunberfefangen @Scljutt luieber au~gegraoenen Biegeffteine. 2n~ er namHdj bie roiclj ~ tigften un±er feinen hiegerifdjen unb poHtifcljen Unterne~mungen er~ fofgt:eidj bollenbet ljaHe, af§ er ba~ oab\)fonif clje m5efheidj aum "Sjam~ mer ber gan3en )lieIt" , ~er. 50, 23, aut "mu±e ber ®oHIofen", ~ef. 14,5, unb bie @StaM mao1)fon out )lier±ftaM gemaclj± fjaite, ricljteie er fein ~ugemned ocfonber~ aUf bie iiu\3ere j8erbel1erung unb j8erfdjo~ nerung bicfer Sjauptftabt. stler bermeffene ®ebanfe ber urfpriingHdjen ®riinber mabeI~, ben roil: fcljon 1 Weof. 11,4 ljoren: ,,m501)fauf, fa\3i un~ eine @Stab! unb ~urm bauen, be~ @Spi~e oi~ an ben Sjimmcf reidje, ball roir lln~ einen 91amen macljen", "baB roir nidj± Berfheut werben uber bie gan3e 'iJriiclje ber ~rbe", bef eeHe auclj i1)n. ®erabe in oeaug aUf f ein fto13c~ [lauprogramm fpra(1) 1BaoeI: ,,~clj oin cine Sfonigin eroigficlj", ~ef. 47,7. Unb fa roar in [laoe! maum fiir cine gro\3e, intenfibe ~ii±igfeit bief e~ geroaHigcn ,~ertfdjer~; benn diDa ljunbed ~afjre bor~er, llm~ ~afjr 702, ~atte ber ~onig @San~erio bon ~ff1)rien mabel erooed unll bort in blinber )liu! cine furcljiOare j8errouftung an~ geridjtet, ljaHe bie 1Beroo1)ner ljaufenlueife erfcljlagen, bie @Sclja~fjiiufer gepIiinbert, bie ®o±teroiIber aerDrocljen. ~r fagt feIoft in feinem ftolacn \Bericljt. roie ([lle bief e ®ro\3fonige unb gana bef onber0 @Sanfjerio ru~m~ rebig finb, roenn fie auclj iljre 91iebedagen berf cljroeigcn: ,,@Stabt unb Sjaujcr aeritlirte iclj, berroiiftete fie bom 'iJunbament Oi0 Bum stladj, bev brann±e fie im 'iJeuer, mauer unb m5arI unb ;rempeI; bie ~urme famt unb fonber~ ri\3 iclj ein unb roarf fie in ben Sfanal ~mclj±u; burclj bie @S±ab! ljin grub iclj ®raben unb bertHgte i1)re @StaHe burcfj )liaifer. stlen \Bau ifjre~ 'iJunbament0 tJcrnic'f)tete iclj; groner benn bie .IUeine '!IanieIftuOien 421 @Sintflut maclite icli iljre 8erf±i:irung." 1) Unb nun ging ~ebufabneaar ans ~ctf, j8abeI aur gIiinaenbf±en @S±aM ber ~er± au maclien. @r um~ gab bie grote @Stabt, beren Umfang nacli Sjerobo± 56, nad) bem grie~ cliifclien @efcliiclitfclireiber .mefias 42 IDCeHen betrug, mit einem breiten g'eftungsgraben unb mit boppeHen @Scliu~mauern, Die aum ~eiI 400 g'ut ljocli unb 100 iYut lJrcit toaren. $Dief e IDCauern trugen aaljlreiclie ~iirme unb iuaten an jeber @Seite mit 25 ~oren b erfelj en, etteg±en fo bas @S±mtnen ber ~eIt, toie ~eremiai3 in feiner erfcliii±±ernben @ericlig~ prebigt, ~ap. 51, 58, anbeutet, unb macli±en j8abel 3U etner faft unein~ neljmbaren iYeftung. ~iifjrenl:l nun ~ebufabneaar mit ber 2'Cusfiiljrung Nefer j8aupIiine bef cliiiftigi toar unb in f einem ~araf±e in @Iiict unb g'rieben feDte, ~ap. 4, 1, fjatte er aUf feinem Eager ein feItfamc§ ~rallmgeficlit, ba.i3 @eficlit bon einem groten, frllclitfJeIabenen j8aum, aUf bem Die mogel bes .l;5immefs nifteten unD unter bem bie 5tiere bes iYclbes @Scljll~ unb @Scliatten fanben. 2'Cber pro~Hcli fllljr etn ljeiIiger llliiidjter bom SJimmeI ljerab unb rief mit Iauier @Stimme, m. 11: "Sjauet ben j8aum um unb lJeljauet iljm [fdjlaget alJ] bie ufie unb ftreifet iljm ba§ Eallb ab unb ilerftreuet leine g'riicL)±e, bat bie ~iere, fo unier iljm liegen, toeg~ [auf en unb bie )Bogel bon feiuen 81ueigen fIieljen." ~ur ber ~uraeI~ ftoe!' foUte in ber @rbe bleiben, aber mit eifemen unb eljernen ~e±ten gefeffeH toerben; bom 5tmt bes SJimmeIs loUte er bcne~t toerben unb mit ben ~ieren bas ~rallt ber @rbe effen. @Sein IDCenfdjenljera foUte iljm genommen unb iljm ein bieljif djes -\:lera gegelJen toerben, fielJen 8ei~ ten Iang. j8cim @rtuadjen erinnert fidj ~ebufabneaar bicfes ~raumi3, bet offenbar eine UngIiictsbo±f djaft flir ifjn bebeuie±e. IDCan toiirbe er~ lUaden, bat er nun gleicli ben $Daniel ljii±±e rufen laffen, ben lJetoiiljden ~raumbeu±er; aber er tnt ei3 nidj±. @r ift ein edjte£;, ge±reuc£; IDCen~ fdjenfinb. jillh; IDCenfdjen fdjeuen un£;, bie nae!'te, uniJerljiiIIte ~a~rljei± olt erfaljren, toenn toir aljnen, bat fie be±riibenb ober nadj±eiIig fur un£; ift. ~ebcr ~rat tann bies au? feiner ~ra6i£l lJeftiitigen.' @So fieB ~ebufabneaar feine ljeibnifdjen 5traumbeu±er rommen, bie getoit auc~ ben fcliIimmen @Sinn bes ~rallms etfannten, bie aber in fIuger ~eife fidj aus ber )Bedegenfjeit aogen unb bern .fionig fagien, bat fie ben 5rraul11 nidjt beltten ronnten. BCun toirb audj $Daniel gerufen, unb ~elJufabne3ar eraiiljrt iljm ben 5traum. $Daniel iff auetf± gana ftan unb ftumm bor @n±fe~en. @r betftefj± ben @Sinn bes @efidjt£i, aoer er fdjeut fidj 3uniidjft, bem ~eoufabne3at bie ljarte ~aljr~eit ins @efidjt au fagen. $Dodj auf 8ureben bes Si'onigs beu±d er iljm bann ben ~raum, f agt iljm: ,,$Der j8aum, ben bu gef eljen ljaft, . . . ba£l bift bu, ~onig 1/ , )B. 17, 19, unb fitnbigt iljm an, toie arIc£; in @rfiirIung geljen toerbe. 1) ill1iitbtet~'!Ientfcf), @efci)id)te lBan~ronien~ unb ~ff~tien~, s. 2m, 202, 3itiett bei Stofrnann, '!lie ~tfelinifje unb @eiicf)te beg ?ptoJ.1~eten ~,anier, S. 61, bern mit iibet~a\tpt in biefe! lBefcf)tdoltltg bielfadj fo!gen. 422 SHeine SDantelftubien (§r tuerbe aU§! bet: menfdjIidjen ®efeIlfdjaft au§!gef±oten tuerben unb nei ben ~ieren bes lSeIbe0 tuoljnen, griincs ISutter lucrbc letne ilCaljrung fein, unb bom ;tau be§! .\.'limmcI0 tuerbc er oenei,?± iocrben. €o luurben fienen ,BeUen uner iljn baljingeljen - tub: oegegnen ljier f d:)on ber €ienensaljl. lioer bie f1Jiiter ettuas au fagen fein tub:b -; aoer ba0 ~onigtum tu·iirbe iljm Meinen unb iljm tuieber suteil tuerben, f 0 oalb er edennen tuerbe, bat ber ~immeI bie ®etuart ljaoe. linb SIlaniel gmt iljm ben gu±en Stat, [j. 24: "IDCaclje bidj Io§! bon beinen €iinben Durdj ®ered:)tigfeit unb [ebig bon beiner IDCiffda± burdj )illoljrtat an ben 2!rmen", cine €teIle, Die in ber 2!pologie ber 2!ug§!nurgifdjen ~on~ felfion bon IDCeIcmdjiljon gegcn bie romif dje )illerUeljre aur redjten SIlclt ~ tung georadj± luirb, iioer bie audj Eu±ljer einmaf erne SIli§!1Ju±aiion ge~ ~ar±en ljat: "Dll SIlanief ben )illerfen bie medj±fedigung aufdjreifJi, inbem er fagt: ,IDCadje Didj Io§! bon beinen €iinben burdj 2!Imofen.'" 2) IDCefandjtljon Ieg± niimfidj erftIidj bat:, tuenn tuir f e1ne liingere 2!U0 ~ fiiljrung Iuri:\ 3ufammenfaffen: SIla§! Glefdp fann niemanb ljaIten oljne GHauoen. ilCiemanb fann Glo±± gefaIlcn oljne ®Icrullcn an [ljriftum. )illenn barum Die €djrif± bet: )illerfe gebenf±, 10 trill fie ba0 CS5bangeHum unb ben ®Iauoen mit eingefdj1ol1en ~aoen. ,Btueiten§!, aIle foldje €priidje finb ~rebigten bon ber mute. ,Bu einer rcdjtcn mute geljort nidj± allein, baf3 man ba0 ®ef ei,? 1Jrebige, fonbern cs 1111113 basurommen bas CS5bangeIium. SIlarum foIl man Die )illode SIlanicl0 nidjt auf ba0 nIOBe )ill ed, aUf Die 2'([mofen, neoieljen, fonbern audj ben ®Iaunen an~ feljen. SIlanieI tuei13 ferner bon bem riinftigen €amen [ljri1ius. (§r fag± mit STedj±: "J:lofe beine !siinben"; barmlB folgi alier nidji, baf3 toir ber !Siinben I00tuerben um unferer )illcde lUmen. CS5r fei,?t aud) nidjt allein Die )illede, fonbern fpridjt: "Eofe betne €iinben mit ®eredj±ig~ fei±", ba0 if!, mit ®Iaulien gegcn ®o±±, .\.'leur. 10, 38. 'Ilailu tu audj gute )illerfc. )illat±c beine§! 2!mg.3) ilCun bergingen IDlona±e, unD e§! ±tnt nidjg mefonberei3 cin. ~(c6u~ fnbmaar oeruljig±c fidj tuoljI, licnui,?te bic (lJnabenfrif± nidjt Sur CS5infcljr oei lidj Wlirt unb aur Umfefjr bon fcinem nofen )illege, fonbe:rn bollenbete tuoljI gerabe jei,?! fetne groten, ftolaen mauten. CS5r e:rridj±eie lidj cinen mnjcf±iitifdjen ~e:rrfdjerfii,?, bas fogenannte !Sdjlot, llnb stuar in11CrljaIfJ funfileljn ~agcn, um ber )illeIt einen metueiB fetner grenilcnlofen TIJCadjt 3U genen. (§r fjaHe tuolj! grote IDCengen bon IDlenfdjen all§! ben bon iljm eroliericn Eiinbern ljerangeilogen unb unermeBIidjc €djiii,?e, bie er als meute uei f einen (§ronerltng§!iliigen unb burdj briid'enbe €te1!ern 3ulammenliradj±e, luie ~efaia§ anbeutet, ~ap. 14,3.4. linb eine§! ~age0 iiI1erfdjau± er nun bon feinem ljSalafte aU0 bie riefige )illeItfiabt, bie burdj ben (§upljra± in e1ne oftridje unb in eine tueftndje .\.'liiltte ge±eirt tuar. 2) VI, 942. ?ng!. aud) l.Jutljer 3U ®al. 3, 10, IX, 3td, roo et tn iil)ulid)cr m.leifc rote lJJ1eIand)tl)on argumentiert. 3) Triglotta, 5.192-196. IJJ1UUer, 51)mlllllifd)c \SUd)er, 5.131. .Illeine )Danielftubien 423 :Ila fianb ba~ bon il~m roieberfjergefteUte unb bollenbete &)auj:JtfjeiHgtum beil ®oten Wefio mit einem etroa 235 {Yu\3 fjofjen 5remj:JeHurm.4) @:leine fieoen illiereinanberHegenben @:ltodluetfe roaren ben ®otifjeiten ber ljSlaneten: @:laturn, \8enus, ~uj:Jiter, IDletfur unb ID,ar~, foro.ie bem IDlonb unb ber @:lonne geroeifjt. ~n ciner anbern @:lielle ragen Die bon ifjm angeIegien fogenannten fdjroeoenben, fjangenben ®Urten, bie tettaffenformig aUf einem geluartigen lInteroau rufjten, beffen fjofje @liiulen einen freien :IlurdjoIic'f geroiifjtien. Bur meluafferung ber fdjonen ®eroiidjfe roie audj aUr @lj:Jeifung ber @lj:Jtingorunnen bienten 5jSumj:Jluerfe unb lillafferleitungen, Die mit bem (§uj:Jfjrat in \8eroin" bung fianben. &)inier bdt fdjroeoenben ®atien fianb ber 5remj:Jer IDlarbufs ober IDlerobadjs, bes @:liabtgoiie~ bon maDer, an @ltelle eine~ UtaHen 5rurmes ettidjiet, ber au~ Qefjmaiegern erOaut, aoer im Qaufe ber Bcit berfallen roar. \8ielleidjt luar bas ber au~ ber oao~ronifdjen lIrgefdjidjie oefannte 5rurm au maDe!, 1 IDlof. 11. 85 IDlilIionen Biegel" fieine luaren notig fiir hief en mief enD au ; f eine lillanbe, bie mit grafierten Biegefn odleibet luaren, leudjteten in tiefolauer {YarDe. Wodj anbere &)eiHgtiimer unb mauten fjatie Weoufabneaar erridjtet, unb nun fragte er - nadj bem ®tUnbie!;t ift es eine {Yrage - in goitbergeffener @lellifiiioerfjeoung: lI~ft bas nidjt bie gro\3e maDel, hie idj eroauei fjaoe aum fi5nigIidjen &)aufe burdj metne gro\3e Shaft, au (§fjren meiner &)ettHdjfeit?" \8.27. lInb ba fommt eine @ltimme bom &)immeI unb rUft ifjm au: II :Ilir luirb gef agi, Sfonig Wefiufabneaar: :Ilas Sfiinigtum ift bon bir geluidjen ", \8. 28, unb fiinbigt ifjm baS fjatie @ldjic'ffa1 an, ba~ :Ilanief ifjm illuolf IDlonaie ilubor j:Jroj:Jfjeaeit fjaite, \8. 26. lInb au berfefoen @:ltunbe iioerfaUt ben ~ermeffenen bie Wadjt be~ lillafjnfinn~. @r meini ein 5rier au fein unb fudji aUf ber \8iefjlueibe feine Wafjrung. lInb inbem er nun 5rag unb Wadjt unter freiem &)imme1 fidj auffjiilt, roirb fein &)auj:Jtfjaar gro\3 unb lang roie ~brer~febern, unb fetne Wager roadjfen roie \8ogelflauen. lillie lange biefe graufige ~ri bon lillafjnfinn gebaueti fjat, Iii\3t fidj nidjt niifjer f agen; aoer audj in oao\.)lonif djen meridjten finben fidj, roenn audj nUt bUnne, ~nbeutungen.5) :Ila\3 man bie Sfranffjeit bes mafjnfinns al§ cine ~rt @:ldjanbe anfiefjt unb batUm berfjeimlidjt, ift ia oefannt genug unb Ia\3t fidj mit biefen meifj:Jie1en audj au~ unferer Beit erfjarten. mer hie megietUng ge" fiifjti fjat, luirb audj nidjt lueiter gef agi. ~oer nadj ~orauf ber ber" fjiingten Beit ber :Ilemiitigung roerben Weoufabneaar~ @:linne roieber fIar, er fjeot feinen mUd fjimmeIroati~ unb loot ben &)odjften, benen IDladji unberganglidj ift uub beffen &)errfdjaft bon ®efdjredjt au @je" f djIedjt roafjri. lInb aum :Ilanf gegen ben ~lIerfjodjften, ber ifjn aus 4) )Der SRame biefes @iiten finbet fid) in feinem eigenen SRamen, in bem SRamen feines maters SRalio.\Jolaffar unb in bem SRamen feines SRad)folgers SRaliu" naib, bon bem fpater nod) bie \Rebe rein luitb. 5) ~ommer, )Die m:lifaffungs3eit bes lBud)ell )Daniel unb bet ma~nfhtn SRabonibs. 5t~eologtfd)es £itCtatutlJlatt 23 (1902), 145. 424 .!Heine ~anielftubien tiefem CSTenb en:ettet fjat, fenbet et einen lEctidjt iUier feine CSr~ hanfung unb @enefung in aIle @eliieie feine£i gtoBen ffi:eidj£i, ~ap. 3, 31-33, in bet engHfdjen lEilier nadj lieileret ~apiter~ unb lEet£ieintei~ lung, ~ap. 4, 1-3. ~et illiotHaut biefe£i lEetidjt£5 ift fefjr metItlJUrbig. CSr ift bon Weliufabneaar tleranraBt, aliet bon ~anier betalifaB±' CSr lie~ ginnt in bet crftcn ~etf on: ,,:;5dj, Wclil1fabneaat, . . . idj f afj cinc11 :ilraum" ufro., S'fap. 4, 1. 2. 15. ~ann iuirb in bet britten ~etfon forb gefafjre11, lE.25-30, im CSngHfdjen lE.28-33. ;lceliufabneaar fagt nidj± mefjt "idj", be11n er ift fein :;5dj mefjr unb erai:i:fjU ba£i lEotIommni£5 gana oliidtib. m:liet fcl)IieBHdj fefjd bie erfte ~erfon roieber, lE. 31-34, im CSngIifdjen, )8.34-37: "Wadj biefer :Bei± fjuli icfj, Weliufabne3ar , meinc m:ugen Guf unb fam iuiebet aUt )8ernunft, ... audj au meincn fonigTicfjen ®fjren, au meiner &)en:Hdjfeit unb au meiner @eftaH." &)ier fjeiB± e£i iuiebet "idj"; benn Weliufabneaat ift roiebet ein :;5dj. ~a£i ift ein feiner ~unft ber ~arfteIlung, ben ~Hefotfj unb anbere ~(u£iIeger gut edannt fjalien. Unb ber GdjIl113 be£i lEeridjt£5 mngt in bent fdjonen 2oli~ preiB au.§: ,,<:.Damm rolie id), WeliufabneDar, unb efjre unb pte* ben ~onig bom &)immel. :t:enn aIle fein ;!tun ift m3afjrfjeit, unb leine illiege finb tcdjt; unb roer fiola ift, ben fann er bemuiigen", lE. 34. :;5n neuerer :Beit fjat man gerabe iiIler ben :;'5nfjaH biefe.§ ~api±eI£i gefpotte± unb ba£i lEotIommni£i aI£i unglauliHdj lieilcidjne±, foroofjI in gdcfjden rote in popuraren I5djriften. illicnn ~orl1m bie @otuidjfeit unb @Tauliroutbigreit be.§ lEudje£i :Ilaniel angreift, fo fagt er gana rucf~ fjartro.§ unb erfjalien: ,,~ie UnmogHdjfeit ber in ~apiter 3 unb 4 bem ;llelil1fabneaar unb ~ap. 6 bem ~ariu.§ augefdjrielienen CSbifte, bie Un~ jinnigfeit be.§ )8crlangen.§ WcliufabncDar0, S'fap. 2, unb bie UngiauliHdj~ feit einet burd} m3afjnfinn eraeugien fielienfafjrigen ffi:egierung£iunfafjig~ feit bief e£i ~onig£i Debarf gar reiner lEegrunbung." 6) m:lier eine ge~ naltere lluterfudjung adgt, baU audj fjier e1ne gana roa~rfjeitsgetreuc I5cf)Hberung bodicgi. ~er jilla~nfinn ~rle611fabneaax0 tuat ein :Bulianb, roie ex audj ie~t nodj tlodommt: @rof3entuafjn, ~afarcnroafjnfinn, me- galomania. Unb gerabe audj biefe tyorm be£i m3afjnfinn£i, baB man fidj einliiIbe±, eiu :ilier au fein, unb baliei Me m3eifen unb @etDo~nfjeitell be.§ lietreffenben :ilier.§ nefo1gt, ber fogenannte illiolf'Ziiuafjnfilln, 2lJfan~ ifjropfjie, 2t)fomanie, lycomania, ift nodj jett gax nidjt f cHen, unb luir fonnten genug lEeifpieIc bafur onfiifjren. m:ner roit rooIlen Heliet anbere reben la1ien. SDer feineraeit nefannie unb bie1genannfe :ilfjeolog unb jilliffenfdjaftIer @e.orge tyrebericf illirig~t, erit ~rofeffor be£i Weucn :ileftatnent£5, bann :;'5nfjaner ber nefonber.§ fur ifjn freieden ~xofeffur "of the Harmony of Science and Revelation" in Dliedin, Dfjio, fjan~ bert au.§fufjrIidj barulier unb fagt unter anberm 7): "In the Book of Daniel we find ourselves moving, so far as we can verify the state- 6) (ginleitung in bas ~me 5teftament, 5. 258. 7) Scientific Confirmations of Old Testament History, 5. 44-48. .Rleine ilanielftubien 425 ments, in a most remarkable environment of historical reality. The scenes which are brought before us are perfectly in accord with the manners and customs of the people and with the characteristics of the dynasties to which they relate. In this respect they bear the marks of a contemporary document. So great were the changes which took place between the earlier parts of Daniel's career and its closing scenes that we may pronounce it a literary impossibility for fiction of any sort to have so perfectly simulated the facts of the time as does the historical part of the Book of Daniel. The objec- tions which are made to its historical character are almost wholly based upon repugnance to the admission of miracles into the circle of our beliefs or to an undue magnifying of small apparent dis- crepancies which can be easily explained away. As to the miracu- lous events, they are not of a character to have been noticed by the national historians of Babylonia; and whether they are too im- probable to be believed will depend entirely upon the importance of the religious crisis which had then come to the Lord's chosen people. We should therefore have to discuss that question upon general principles, which we cannot well delay to do here. Limit- ing ourselves to one of the most striking and apparently improbable statements, we note that the account of Nebuchadnezzar's abase- ment given in the Book of Daniel proves, in the light of modern medical science, to be strictly in accordance with the probabilities connected with a certain form of mental disorder. As is shown in a learned article of Dr. Merrins,S) it was a case of melancholia, such as is quite likely to affect a man of his character; for this disease, like death, loves a shining mark. As appears both from Scripture and monumental records, Nebuchadnezzar was a man of immense intellectual power and of marked religious devotion. But his suc- cesses, bolh in foreign conquests and in the development of all the interests of Babylonia, coupled with his autocratic power, appear to have made of him a megalomaniac. At the zenith of his power he frequently gave way to terrible outbursts of passion, as in his treatment of the wise men of Babylon who were unable to interpret his dream, and in his consigning Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego to the fiery furnace; while his growing spiritual pride exhibits itself in setting up an enormous golden image (probably of himself) on the plain of Dura and commanding everyone to worship it. The climax of his spiritual pride appeared in his exalting himself against the Most High and openly expressing the conviction that all this greatness and glory had been won by the strength of his own right arm. 'Is not this great Babylon which I have built for the royal 8) merrins toat bet iliteftor eineiJ [tautHef)en ~ttenuft)g in 91eto 5{lod, un» bet SUrtHel finbct fief) in bet ,{lcitfdjrift Bibliotheca Sacra, 1905, 6.601-625. 426 .R'leine :Danie!ftubien dwelling-place by the might of my power and for the glory of my majesty?' As is natural in such cases, it was from the summit of self-exaltation that he plunged into the depths of despair. The results which followed are by no means uncommon. During these periods of depression the victim of melancholia frequently with- draws himself from the world until 'at last he sinks into a state of stolid stupor, is wholly absorbed in his mental agony, is con- fused as to his personal identity, neglects to eat, and is careless and dirty in his appearance and habits.' His eating grass and suffering the hair and nails to grow give a vivid impression of the depth to which his melancholia had driven him. . .. 'As to restoration to sanity, the prognosis in cases of melancholia is favorable, much more so than in any other form of insanity. A majority of the patients recover, even at an advanced age and after years of the most intense mental disorder. And recovery is often so very com- plete that the highest and most active brain work is performed,. and so permanent that a relapse never occurs during a long subsequent life. . .. Neither is the king's remembrance of the circumstances of his degradation and of the causes which led to it very remarkable. Patients on recovery are often able to tell what was their mental state immediately prior to their madness, and some are able to describe the whole course of their disease with its various delusions. Nebuchadnezzar knew his reason had been dethroned, and why the judgment came upon him, and after his recovery he was a better man. As in the case of King Lear of the dramatist, the madness has been purgatorial.' " ~ufe~ in feinem geIe~rten fillede 9) fteIIt eine einge~enbe linter" fucljung auclj liber biefen ~unf± an, bie mit ben folgenben fillorten De" ginnt: "It is now conceded that the madness of Nebuchadnezzar agrees with the description of a rare sort of disease, called lycan- thropy, from one form of it, of which our earliest notice is in a Greek medical writer of the fourth century after our Lord, in which the sufferer retains his consciousness in other respects, but imagines himself to be changed into some animal and acts, up to a certain point, in conformity with that persuasion. Those who imagined themselves changed into wolves howled like wolves, and (there is reason to believe, falsely) accused themselves of blood- shed. Others imitated the cries of dogs; it is said that others thought themselves nightingales, lions, cats, or cocks, and these crowed like a cock. It was no dissimilar form of disease that others imagined that their bodies were, wholly or in part, changed into some brittle substance, whence they avoided contact lest they should be broken. Others had other similar delusions, varying in- cidentally from each other." 9) Daniel the Prophet. Nine lectures, 15. 360-369 Sl'feim SDaniefjtuiliCll 427 2!us neuef±er: 3eit ift inter:effant, roas ber: bdannte @elefjde unb WciHionsati3± 2!fbed 0c~roei~er: bon ben fogenannten 2eopar:bcnmenfdjen in 2!fdfa lieddjte±: ,,:tIie @efeUfdjaften ber: 2eopar:benmenfdjen firtb i.ilier: bie ganae lillefHi.ifte 2!fr:ifas ber:br:eUe±. :tIie IDHHionar:e bon :tIuala er:5iifjrten mir:, bat fie in @egenben fommen, bie feU IDCona±en fo un±er: bem ~err:or ber: 2eoparbenmenfdjen f±efjen, bat fidj naclj ~fnbntclj ber: :tIunfelqcit niemanb mc~r: aus ber: .I)i.i±±e roant. )Bor: aiDei :;Safjr:en beri.ib±e etn 2eopar:benmcnf clj nodj einen ~Jcor:b aUf ber: IDCiffionsftation 2ambar:ene" (ber: ~)ciffionsfia±ion, auf ber: 0cljtuei~er: tuidi). ,,2eopar~ benmenfd)en finb IDCenfdjen, bie bon bem lillafjne befeffen finb, bat fie eigenHid)e 2copar:ben fci8n unb als folclje IDCenfcljen ±i:iten miifien. Q3ci ifjr:em IDCor:bcn fucljw fie fidj aIB 2eopar:ben ilU bcncfjmen. iSic gefjen auf aUen bier:cn; an bie .\)iinbe unb iYiite liinben fie fidj ~raUen bon 2eopar:ben ober: ~mUen bon (:Eifen, um 0pmen tuie 2eopar:ben ilu 1jin±cr~ raW en; iqr:en ;8pfern berIe~en fie bie .\)aIsfdjlagaber:, roie es ber: 2eopar:b tnt." 10) 00 tDir:b audj fjicr: bie lillafjr:fjeit bet Q3iber burc!) moberne Q3cobadj~ tung beftatig±. :tI i e .\) an b f dj ri f ± an be r: lill an b, ~ap. 5 91elillfabneaar: fiar:b im ~a1jre 562 bor: (Ifjr:ifto nadj etner 81egie~ rungs3eit bOll mefjr: aIB bier:3ig ~afjrC11. (:Es forgt nun im Q3uc~e :tIanieI eine l:!iicfe in ber: @efdjidj±e; benn Das Q3udj ift nidj± baau bef±imm±, cine genane djr:onifenmiif3ige lilleHgefcljidj±e bar:ilUbie±en. :tIas 5. ~apiteI er~ siifjrt bon )seTfaaer, bon ~7acljfoIger 91elntfabneaars, allcr tuofjI faum fein IeibIidjer 00fjn unb unmitielbarer 91acljfofger, f onbern ber: 001jn 91abo ~ niM ober: ~(abunaiM. :tIas ift freHidj cin qiftorifclj~fri±ifcljer jjSunft, ber cine liingere lln±erfudjung er:forbert. ~leliufabne3ar tuar gottIos, .alB er fidj feIDft bergiiiterie, aber Q3e1faaer ift noclj gotHofer unb rafteri nudj ben iDafjren @ott. ~r beranftaItC± cine groBClr±i:ge Bef±ncljfcit, cin gliinaenbes .\)offefi. mci fofdjen 05etcgenfjeiten fome bas )BoH red)t bie iYreigeliigreit f eines .\)errf djers unb !lie .\)errHdjfeii f einer D1egierung ev fennen. 91adj einer IDCitteilung bes griecljifcljen 2!r:ate§ unb @efdjicljt~ fcljreibers mefias Hcn ein jjSerf erfiinin iiigHdj 15,000 IDCenf cr;en bon f einer ~afer fpcif en. 2!Te,t;anber bet: (l)roBe lUb einmal 10,000 @iilte au einem .\)ocljaeit§mafjL llnb roa§ ber jjSerferfiinig ~rfjasbero§ ober xer,t;es tat, ift aus bem er)±en ~apiteI bes @fifjerbudjs befanni. :tIa13 an folcljen Beften gepratt unb gefdjremmt rourbe unb bat ber lillein in 0iriimen flot, aumar in bem iippigcn Q3abel, rote :;Ser. 51, 39 unb .\)ali. 2, 5. 15. 16 bie 0iallt un)) bas )BoH fdjiIbern, Ivar feIbf±bcriiiini>lidj. :;Sn Q3abe! pf[egien, role oie @etdJidj±fdjreilier beridj±en, audj bie iYtauen an f oldjen @aftmii'fjlern ±eiIaune'fjmen. :tier ~iinig fan babei aUf einem erfjiifjien jjSla~ bor: ber: iYeftgefeUfdjaf±' (:E§ ging qodj 'fjer:, unb im ftbermu± bes D1aufdjes liet Q3elf aaer bie fjeiligen golbenen @efiite fjerbeifjofen, Me 10) IJJWteHttngen att~ £ambatene, 1. ~eft, 6. 18. 428 .lneine CDanielftubien fein ~atet aU§ bem :itemper ~eqobalj§ au ~etufalem getaulit unb in ba,:l ®c1ja~fjau§ feine§ @liiten gefkllt qaHe, ;Dan. 1, 2. ;Diefe toutben mit jillein geftilIt, bon :itifd) au :itifd) qetumgeteic1jt, unb .baliei tout.ben bon bem ~iinig, feinen jilleilietn unD feinen @letoaltigen EovHebet au @qten iqtet (lHiten angeftimm±. ;Da§ @lanae foUte ein ,8eic1jen be§ :ittiumpq§ feiner @liiten tivet ben @loti be§ &;?immef§ fein. @§ lag aIfo barin eine 3toeifac1je Eiiftetung unb ftebelqafte &;?etau§fotbetung be§ 2UIerqiic1jf±en, bet Wli'5vtauc1j bet qeiIigen @lefii'5e unb bie metqettlic1jung bet lialiLJ~ Ionifc1jen @li.ij~en. ;Da etvIidie ber ~i.inig pIi.i~Iic1j bem ~tonreuc1jtet gegeniilier bie {Yinget einet &;?anb, bie geljeimni§bolle ®c1jtif±aeic1jen auf bie toeif3getiinc1j±e jillanD be,:l {Yef±faal§ fc1jrieben. ;Die {Yinget fc1jaute er tooql aUein, bie ®c1jtif± aliet faljcn auc1j aUe feine @liifte. ;Da qi.iri ber Eiittn unb ba§ luiifte :itteiben aUf. ;Det ~onig toitb Ieic1jenlila'5, unb f cine ~nie beben. @t liif3i f c1jneII bie jillaljtf ager unb Scic1jenbeutet ljolen unb betfptic1ji iljncn ljoqe \BeIoljnung; aliet fie fi.innen 111eber bie medtuiitbige ®c1jtift en±aiffetn noc1j iqten ~nljar± etlIiiten. 2)a er~ fc1jtidt \Beffaaet noc1j meljt, unb feinen @letuartigen toitb liange. 2flier nun fommt Die Sl'oniginmutter qete1n, bie jillittue ~ebufabneilar0, bie nad) motgenliinbifc1jet ®itte in ljoqer 2fc1jtung am &;?ofc ftanb ltnb gro'5cn @influB qatte. ®ie etinned ben ~onig batan, ba'5 in feinem meic1je ein tec1jtet :ittaumbeuter f ci, ;Daniel. Unb ;Daniel Heft unb beutei nun bie medtuiirbigc ®c1jrif±: "Wlene, mene, ±cIel, upqarfin", auf beutfc1j: ,,@leaiiqrt, ge3iiqrt, geluogcn unb :iteHenbe ober in ®tiide"; im @ng~ Iifc1jen: "Numbered, numbered, weighed, and in parts, or divided." ;Det ®ptuc1j befteqt illt0 eigentiimHc1j geliHbeten atamiiif c1jen >morien, bon benen jebe§ ein @leluic1jt lieaeic1jnei. ~n bem !ettcn jillott, "upqarlin", ift ba0 u Die lJefannte merliinbung§patitfeI Vav, unD "parsin" ift bet l13lura! bon "peres", &;?aThmine. \Bei bcr ;Deutung fett ;Danie! Den ®ingulat, peres, ein. ;Der @Sinn bet jillorie ift: "W'lene"; @loU ~a± bie ;rage beines Sl'i.inig±nm§ gcoeiqU uno iqm ein @nDe lie~ teite±. ,,5rcM"; bu bif± aUf bct jillaage geltJogen unD au Ieic1jt erfunben tootben. )jSere§"; betn ~eic1j ift getieiIt unD .benW'lebern unb ~etf ern gegclien. @0 Iiegcn in bicfer :;-Snfc1jrift offenliat jillortfpielc bot, unD iebe§ jillort qat auter bet \Beseic1jnung eine§ @letuic1jt§ noclj cine anDere \BeDeutung. "Wlene, mene" beaeic1jnet cigen±Hc1j Wline, ein @leltJic1jt, unb ba0 jillort IlJirb tuieberqoH bC0 iYlac1jbtucf0 tuegen ober altcfj, um atuei ~et§gliebet bon ic stuei jilljjdcrn au erqaHen; Clber e0 qeiBt auc1j: SDeine Seit ift bir bon @lo±± 3ltgemeHen, beine :itage finb ge3iiljIt, fie finb lialb aligeTaufen. ,,!refer" ift tuieber ein @letoic1jt, iiqnIic1j bem @:Jefel, shekel, ber ~1tDen, a6er e§ ljeitt auc1j geilJogen llnD leic1jt. "l13qarfin" qei'5t eigentric1j peres, l13ere§geltJic1jte; aber bann auc1j atuei :iteiIe. UnD ba£; >mort fIingt gans unb gar tuie ,,~etfer" 1mb liiBt in ltnqeimIicljct 2TIeifc burc1jtonen, bat e§ Die l13erfet jinb, Die ba0 bab~lonifc1je ~eid) 3etieiIen toerben, tuie m. 28 QU§DtfrcHic1j fagt unD edliirt. SDiefe0 "Wlene, mene, tefeI" ift ba§ medtuiirbigfte jillotifpieI bet gansen jilleltgefc1jic1jte. @§ ift .Rleine S)anielftubien 429 audj bas 11)eHoerii~mtefte, unb bie ®efdjidjte, bie ifjm augrunbe liegt, ~a± ber liegaOie, alier gottrofe jilbifdje ~idjter Sjeinridj Sjeine in fein lie~ fanntes ®ebidjt gegoffen, bas ben leidjtfinnigen ;;ton bes ganaen ®aft~ mafjIs fo gefdJicft nadja~mt. ~er oiliIifdje )Beridjt fug± nodj fjinau, baB )BeIfaaer ben ~anieI ~odj efjde, alier in berfeThen ~acljt nodj gefote! llJurbe. Unb audj llJas Die ®djrift gefagt fjatte, ging in ®rfiiUung. ~m Often )BaliL)loniens llJar ber petfifdje iYurftenfo~n Sforcs ~cran~ gellJadjfen, ben ®ott 3um ~oUftrecfer bes ®etidjiS illier )Balid, aum ®roen bet QReHfjerrfdjaft unb 3um )Befreier bes gefangenen iilDifdjen ~onei3 lieftimm± fjatie. ~on i~m fjatte ~efaja bas groBe QRort ge~ fprodjen, .\'tap. 45,1-6, aUf bas toil: fdjon l'uq meaug gcnommen fjalien (~jJriIfjeft, ®. 276) unb bas liudjf±aliHdj in ~rfiiUung ging. Unb aIs erfte ®tottat nafjm [tjrus burdj fcinen iYeIbfjetrn ®uliaru ober ®OlitL)as - bas toirb llJofjl bet biliIifdje ~atiui3 bet ~)cebet fein - bie ®±abt )Babel in )Befi~. ®o enbete bie balitjIonifdje QBer±~etrfdjaft, um ber mebo~~letfifdjen ~raiJ au madjen. )Balier l1JurDc atoat nidjt proiJ~ Hdj unb bi.iHig actftod, aliet ba es nta)t mcfjt bie .\)auptftabt eineti QBert~ reidjti toat, nafjm f eine )Bebeutung, f ein 9teidj±um unb f cine ®inllJofjnet~ aafjl aUmiifjIidj ali. ~ie Sfaniile, bie Weliul'abneaat gegralien fjatte, berfumjJftcn1mb bet1anbeten, ~ef. 14,23, bie ®traten bet ®tab± llJutben menfdjenfeet, unb bie fjerrfidjen ;;temjJer 1mb ~aliifte aetfieIen, ~Is [~tiftus gclJoten tourbe, toat ei3, toie bet ®eograpfj ®tralio fagt, "gto13tenteiIi3 berobet", unb fdjIietIidj llJutbe Die ~etdidje ~radjt bet [fjafbiiet, ~ef. 13, 19, au einem 5ttummetfjaufen, 10 baB ®djafale unb anbete QBfrftentiete in ifjtCll ~aIiii±en fjeurten unb ®ulen in ifjten .l)i:i:ufern l1Jo~ntcn. QRo einf± )BeIfa3eti3 ®afte gefdjtoeIg± unb ifjtc ®oten geptiefcn ~a±ten, llJutbe ei3 fo obe, fo einiam unb totenf±irr, bat audj bie ~tCtliet 1'eine BeIte auffdjIugcn, nodj bie Sjiden fidj ba auffjieHen, ~ef. 13, 20-22. )BabtjIon fjat audj teine ~ufetfte~ung etleot, bii3 in neuetet Beit bet beutfdJe iYorfdjer S'folbetoe\j bort aui3gegralJen unb burd) f cine ~hti3gtaliungen unb ~blJiIbungen babon geaeigt fjat, toai3 filt cine gtot~ adige @::tabt )Bauel luat. ®t f djIiet± f ein )Budj illiet bie liii3fjetigen (ftgefmiff e bet ~Ui3gmliungen mit Den QBot±en; II Sjeutautage etinned man fidj ltntoiUfiltIidj lieim 5.Be±radj±en bei3 llJeiten 9tuinenfeIbes an bie ).ffiot±e bei3 ~);O~lfjeten ~eremias 50, 39; ,:rlarum jollen ungefjcurc 5tiete [QBUbfaten] unb ~oger [®djarale] btinnen toofjnen unD bie jungcn ®±rauBen; unb joU nimmetmefjt liellJo~net llJetbenunD niemunb fjaufcn filr unb fut.' II 11) ®inl11obetnet Beitungsfdjteibet ctai:i:fjr±: "We were reading about this Babylon just the other day. Every twenty-four hours the train to Bagdad snorts by Babylon that was. It whistles, but does not stop, and if the traveler is rapid of eye he may read on a rail- road sign: 'Babylon - Trains halt here to pick up passengers.' 11) SDa§ lilliebmrftc!)enbe lSab~lon, 5. 305. 430 .Rleine :Danielftubien Could any of the shattering denunciations of this great and terrible city to be read in the Bible be more bitter?" linb @Sara &)cnbcrf on ,\5a~ ilie~t noclj anbere ®ottcsgericljte UDer errte @3iiibte unb tReiclje ~ercin, menn fie bon i~nen f agt: The Cities of the Plain are dust, Assyria is fox's plunder; Sidon and Tyre to silence thrust, Nineveh fallen with fire and thunder; Across the margin of the world The drift of Babylon is swirled, And centuries of rot and rust Have gnawed Capernaum asunder. ~ i e @ rr et tun 9 au s b er .2 0 men 9 r u fl e, Sl!ap. 6 Wlit bem tRciclje maD~Ion mar cs ilU @nbc gegangen. ~un tritt bie ilmeite lillertmonarcljie aUf ben @3cljaupla~, bie mebifclj~perfifclje, mit bem ®rotfiinig Gr~rus. @r ift faft ber einilige unier ben groten &)err~ fc~ern bes morgenlanbes, bon bem bie ®efcljiclj±e reine ®raufamfeiten ilu lJericlj±en meit. linb fo berfu~r er auclj naclj ber llntermerfung malJ~Ion0 mHbe gegen bie DMigion unb bie @3itien ber Gr~albaer. @So edlari es ficlj allclj, bat ber ~o~e @3±aaiSlJeamte ~anieI bie 'l'lmier lJe~aI±, bie i~m ~elJufabne3ar un!} merr ailer berIie~en ~aiien. Grl)tlts Iiet auclj bas §tonigrciclj malJcI lJcf±c~en, f e~te afler einen borne~men Weeber 3wn @3tabt~aHer ober ~afallenfjjnig in malJeI ein. ~as mar ~arhts ber meber. Illir iiflerge~el1 aUeL) ~ier bie einge~enbere @rorietltl1g ber ~iftorifc1jcn @3cljmierigrciten, macljen nur barauf aufmerffam, bat bet ~ame gariu§ nicljt fomo~r ein ~(ame al§ bierme~r ein :::titer l1Jar, luie e§ ja aud) fpater noclj ~onige in ~erfien mit biefen ~amen gab. garius ift mofjI, mie oDen oemedt, ber in ber ®efcljicljie 11nier bem ~amen @ulJatlt ober ®olJr~a§ lJdannie \Selb~err be§ Gr~tlt§ gemefen. ~m ~niereffe ber ~ermartung ±eiHe ~arius bas meiclj in 120 meilide ein, bon bencn ieber einen .2anbpfIeger obcr @3a±rapen an ber @3pite ~atte. @Spater, aur Beit be§ xer~e§ = 21:~a§bero§, fanben fic1j im mebifclj~ perfifcljen Illertreiclj 127 @3a±rapen, l1Jes~am ba bon 127 .2iinbern ge~ rebd mirb, @fifjer1, 1; 8,9. filJer biefe linterlJeamien fette SDariu§ brei Doeroeamte, unb ciner bon biefen mar ~anieI, ber n11n fcljon in ~ofjem 21:Her f±anb, lDofjr na~e3u neun3ig ~a~re art mar. linb ber oioIifeL)e merid)i fagt baB gariu§ gerabe biefen meamten ganier lJe~ fonber§ ~ocljf cljii~±c; "bcnn cs mar ern ~o~er @eift in i~m u, ~a\J. 6, 3. (!;r mat ja in bicIjii~rigem @3taa±0bienft erfa~ren 11nb erproo±, auclj burclj f eine Illcis~eH aHen anbcrn iioedegen, mar auterbem unIlcficcljHclj efjrHclj unb beriraucn§miirbig. 21:oer gerabe ba§ erregie ben ~eib feiner @3tanbe§genoffen, bet anbern @3a±rapen, 11nb fie fUcljten ifjn 3U f±ursen. ~(aclj allgemeiner ~eibnif cljer 21:n1 cljau11ng, gerabe a11clj naclj ber teIigiiifen 21:nfcljauung ber meber 11nb ~erfer, gaIt ber &)errfcljer 11nb .Ineine S\)uniefftunien 431 Si!iinig eine§ .2anbe§ aI§ eine itbifdje (hfdjeinung unb menfdjIidje mer~ fiirperung ber ®o±±~eit. j)3ei Den IDlebern toie oei ben jjSerf ern luurbe ber Si!iinig giittridj bere~rt, oft fogar gerabeau af§ ®o±± angerebe±. (;sn einer fpiiteren Beit fii~rte ber riimifdje Si!aifer ben 5t:ite! %UQLOt;, bie neuief±amentridje j)3eaeidjnung be§ SjeiIanbe§.) ;Diefen llmfianb oemt12en bie ~eiber ;Danief§. 5ie reben bem Si!iinige ein, baf3 e§ niiiig fei, baf3 Die giit±Iidje 2Eiirbe be§ Sjerrfdjer§ audj in ber uniertoorfenen jjSrobina j)3aot)Ionien aIrgemein anerfann± toerbe. ;Darum foIre er ein ®efe12 erIaffen, baf3 niemanb aUf bie ;Dauer eine§ IDlona±§ irgenbein @eod an jemanb anber§ ridjien foIre af§ an ben .2anbe§~errn, ben mertreier ber ooerften ®o±±~eit im ganaen .2anbe. llnauf~iirIidj oefiiirmen fie ben ;Dariu§, ein foIdje§ ®efe12 au erIaffen. llnb ;Dariu§, ber in ber ganaen ;DarfteIrung al§ ein gutmiitiger, aoer toiIIen§fdjtoadjer IDlann erfdjeint, iui fdjIief3Iidj, toa§ fie bon i~m oege~ren. ;Daniel rannie ba§ ®eooi, aoer er oefolgie e§ nidji. ;Da ba§ jiibif dje mon in feiner ®efangenfdjafi in j)3aol)Ionien Die fdjiinen ®o±±e§bienfte im 5t:empeI entoefjren muf3te, unb ba ber ~audj be§ ,l)Jlorgenopfer§ nicljt mefjr sum SjimmeI emporftieg - ber j)3ranbopferartar toar ja serftiirt-, fo pflegten bie iJrommen in ;s§raeI breimal tiigIidj bem Sj(hrn i~re ®eoet§opfer barsuliringen aI§ bie iJarren ifjrer .2ippen. llnb oefon~ ber§ lienu12±e man gem au foldjem liiIIen ®efpriidj be§ Sjeraen§ mit ®ott ba§ ;Ooergemadj. mgT. audj %{poft. 1, 13; 10,9. 50 ~atie aUli) ;Daniel in feinem ,\)aufe offene iJenfter in ber ~idjtung nadj ;serufalem, too er iiigIidj breimal f eine .\'1:nie oeugte. 2Ea§ unb toie er Dort oeide, edennen toir au§ bem ergreifenben ®eoet, ba§ er um jene Beit, im erf±en ;sa~r be§ ;Dariu§, .\'1:ap. 9, 1. 20, ®o±± bor±rug, biefe§ einaigariigc j)3uf3~ unb j)3eidjtgeoet, aUf ba§ toit nodj rommen l1Jerben. 50rclje§ ±iigIidje ®eoet l1JoIIie unb tonnte er audj je12i nidji uniedaffen, unb feine ®egner fonnien ifjn Ieidj± baoei oeooadjten unb ifjn bann berfIagen. ;Dariui'! errannte je12t tie 2rrgHft f etner ®egner. i§r fuclj±e og aum 50nnenuntergang, m.14, nadj einem %{u§hleg; aoer fein j)3efe~I hlar unb orieo unhliberrufHdj, e§ hlar Da§ ~edji ber IDleber unb jjSerf er unb mUf3te o~ne 2ruffdjuo au§gefiifjrt hlerben. ;Danier toirb in ben .2iitnew graoen gehlorfen, unb ber ®raoen hlitb berfiegeH. %{oer audj ~ier hlieber aeigi bie ®efdjidjie bie 2Eunbermadj± ®oite§. ;Daniel hlirb audj im .2iihlengraoen er~arten. llnb aur 5irafe hlerben f eine 2Eiberf adjer in bie ®ruoe gel1Jorfen unb rommen denD um. i§§ toitb, hlie fo ofi im 9Xfterium, ba§ ®efe12 ber oudjftiiofidjen mergertung, ba§ ius talionis, burcljgefii~ri: %{uge um 9Xuge, Ba~n um Ba~n, 5 IDlof. 19, 18-21. llnb nidji nur bie 2Eiberfadjer, fonbern audj beren iJrauen unb llinber edeiben bie 5irafe; benn foldje ,l)Jlitoef±rafung ber merhlanbten toar oei ben jjSerfem j)3raudj, toie SjeroDot unb anbere 5djreioer oeridjten. S\)cr ~aiionafi§mu§ unb llnglauoe fpottei Iiifterfidj iioer biefe ®efdjidjie. ;Der i§raraiionaIift ®efeniu§ in SjaIre erHiirte in feinem .2e~rfaar unier bem ®eIiidjier f einer Bufjiirer bief e i§rrei±Ung ;Daniel§ in ber .2iihlengruoc 432 On Liturgical Unifcrmity baraU0, "baB bor einem nadj ShrobIaudj riedjenben ~uben audj lniIbe 5tiere fidj fdjcuen fonn±en" .12) ~{6er :Ilariu0 6efenn±: ,,:Ila0 ift mein 1Befe~r, baB man in ber ganaen ,\:lcrrfdjaf± meine0 Sj!onigreidj0 ben ®oti :Ilanie!0 fiirdj±en unb f djeuen foIL :Ilenn er ift ber Ie6enbige ®ott, ber eroiglidj 6Tci6et; unb fein Sj!onigreidj ift unbergangTidJ, unD feine Sjerr~ fdjaft ~at tein 05nbe. 05r ift ein 05rIDfer unb ~o±~erfer, unb er tu± 2eidjen unb ~unber 6eibe im Sjimme! unb aUf 05rben. :Iler ~a± :IlanieI bon ben Biiroen erliifet", jU.26.27. :Ilamit f c0Iief3± bie ®efdjidj±e :IlanieI0. ~ir ljorcn niclj±0 roeiter ii6er i~n. ~(ber aUe biefe 05raa~Illngen finb ~odjtriiftric~e, ermu±igenbe 1Beilleife ber [)ljnmadj± ber ~er±reidje f1egenii6er bem Sj!onigrcidje ®ofte§. ®oU ber 2Wrnac0±ige roeiB bieienigen, Die fidj aUf iljn berlaffen, au fdjiiiRen unb au erretten, audj illenn e§ 6i0 aUln ~i:uBerf±en lomm±. :Iler ~arne :IlanieI§ lJeillaljri unb erfiiUt fidj roieber unb roieber: ®oft ridj±d rnidj. linb barum illieber~oIen roir Eu±~er§ fo treffenbe I unb fdjiine ?morie: ,,~If 0 ift :Ilaniel0 Be6en nidj±0 anbere§ benn cin fetner reiner @)piegef, barinnen man fieljt be0 ®Ia1l6en§ Sj!ampf llnb '~ieg burdj ®o±±e§ ®nabe hliDer aUe 5teufeI unb IDCenfdjen unb fcine groBe iSrud)± unb WuiRen, ben er burdj ®ebulb unb SErcua fdjaffe± [Jeibe bor ®oft unb ber 2BeH." 13) 2. is ii r lJ xi n g e r On Liturgical Uniformity It is a good thing to have liturgical uniformity. There is something of confessional value in a uniform liturgy. Also away from home the worshiper feels himself spiritually akin to his brethren of the faith where liturgy is familiar. In fact, if that liturgy preserves the traditional forms, he will feel himself akin to the Church of the past and will grow in appreciation of the Church Universal. Conversely, a lack of uniformity in liturgical forms is a cause of bewilderment in worship and a testimonial to a lack of that brotherly consideration which will lead units of the Church, also in adiaphora, to yield to the common good. Thus we reason concerning uniformity of worship. The rea- soning is correct. It is, however, incorrect to draw the inference that all lack of uniformity in worship is therefore unworthy of the Church and off the track of sound planning in worship. To draw this inconect inference is to lose sight of the essence of the liturgy and of worship itself. The liturgy is not to be viewed as a sacred deposit that is tampered with only by impious hands. But rather 12) 53. b. @etrad)s ~etid)t bei ~ad)mann, 6'. ® . .\';)engftenbetIJ, fein Beben unb mlitfen. 2. ~anb. ~et(llgen, 5. 31. 13) ,sHied im 18.5l)nobarberir!)t Des ,i(llnflls~:tJifttHts (1913), 5.60.