<1tnurnrbtu m~rnlngirul lInut41y Continuing LEHRE UND WEHRE MAGAZIN FUER Ev.-LuTH. HOMILETIK THEOLOGICAL QUARTERLY-THEOLOGICAL MONTHLY Vol. IX March, 1938 No.3 CONTENTS Page Growth in Exegesis. w. Arndt ___________ ____________________ . ___________________ 161 When does the New Testament Economy Begin? W. F. Beck ______ 168 Jes.53 und "die Decke ueber dem Alten Testament" P. E. Kretzmann ______________ • ___ 173 Sermon Study on 1 Pet. 1:17-25. Th. Laetseh _______ • ________________ 182 Recent Manuscript Discoveries. R. T. Du Bran ___________________________ 195 Miscellanea _______________________________ . ___________________________________ 203 Theological Observer. - Kirchlich-ZeitgeschichtIiches _________ 209 Book Review.-Literatur ____ ._._. __ . _____ . ____ _ .___________ . _______ .______ _ 229 Etn Predlger muss nleht alleln toei- den. also dasa er die Schafe unter- weise. wie sle rechte Christen sollen !eln. sondern such daneben den Woel- fen toelmm. d888 sIe die Scha!e n1cht angrelfen und mIt falscher Lehre ver- fuehren und Irrtum elntuehren. Luther Es 1st keln Ding. das die Leute mehr bel der ltirche behaelt denn die gute Predigt. - Apologie. Art. 24. If the trumpet give :Ill uncertain soW1d who ahall prepare hlllUlelf to the bnttle? - 1 Cor. 14. 8. PubUshed for the Ev. Loth. Synod of Missouri, Ohio, and Other States CONCORDIA PUBUSBING BOUSE, St. Louis, Mo. ARCHIVE Book Review - mteratut 229 Book Review - £iteratuf Biblia Hebraica. Adiuvantibus W. Baumgartner, G. Beer, J. Begrich, J. A. Bewer, F. Buhl, J. Hempel, F. Horst, M. Noth, O. Procksch, G. Quell, Th. H. Robinson, W. Rudolph, H. H. Schaeder, edidit Rud. Kittel. Textum masoreticum curavit P. Kahle. Editionem tertiam denuo elaboratam ad finem perduxerunt A. Alt et o. Eissfeldt. ~tibHe~ gierte !IDUrttembergifef)e lSibefanftalt, !Stuttgart. 1937. 1500 !SeUen 6X9%, aUf ~o!3freiem lSibe!hrudpapier in fatbigem \Ro~leinen mit ge~ glnttetem !ltotfd)nitt unb !ltUden~ unb !Seitengolhtitel gebun'oen. ~teg: M.10. mit 'oiefem !IDette ift ein Unteme~men au ~nhe gefommen, bas fUr hie X~eo~ logie un'o 'oatum aud) fUr 'ote SHtd)e bon grouer lSe'oeutung ift. :Die ~ebtnifd)e lSibe! bon ~ittel ift in 'oer gan,en gele~rten iIDelt alS hie befie ~uilgabe be!! ~ebrnifdjen Xe~teil anetfannt un'o ~at in hen erften ,lDei ~uflagen lDeite mer~ breitung gefun'oen. mit 'oer iett abllefef)lojfen bot!iegenhen hritten ~uflage tritt hiefes monumentale iIDed in bofUommen neuer @eftalt bor bie gele~rte iIDelt, unh lDief)tige mernnherungen gegeniiber her erften unb alDeiten ~uflage finb gemaef)t lDorben. ~rftens ift ein gtBjims \'\'otmat mit griiileter Xt)pe gelDn~lt lDotben, unb eil gibt feine ~ebtnifef)e lSioel, Die leid)ter les6at ift unh fef)Bner aullfie~t alS btefell Ileue !IDe).., ,"," v","tll aud) uUe ulloem ~anhausgaben bethrnngen loUie. !Sohann ent~1ilt bie ~usgaoe, lDie fef)on in ben erften ,lDei ~ufIagen, einen teief)en ftitifef)en ~pparat, bet in biefer muen ~ufIage in ,lDet ~btei1ungen aet1egt lDot~ hen ift. ISIoUe matianten finb ill bem ooeten mit 0., 1'\, y uflD. gefenn3eief)neten ~pparat ber3eid)net, bie lDirHid)en Dorgefef)lagenen Xe~tnnherungen im untmn ~pparat unter a, b, c angegeoen. (:Dail lDit ptin3ipieU gegen .Roniefturen finb, foIange bet iibetfieferte Xe!;t dnen !Sinn bietet, fann iett nief)t nn~er oegrUnbet lDerhen.) mor aUem abet ift ~ier her malforetifdje Xe!;t in boUfommen neuet @eftaltung hargeboten. :Die fogenannte Heine maffora ift gleief) am \Ranhe beigegeoen, unh Die groue malfora lDirh in einigen monaten beroffentIief)t, ben .Rcrufem bes lSud)e!! aUf !IDunfd) unentgeltnef) naef)gefiefert unb fpcrtet bet Biblia Hebraica beigegeben lDerben. :Diefe maffora, ber hie lDertbollj'te ~anhfef)rift 3U~ grunhe Hegt, lDitb aum etftenmar ber gere~tten !IDert in biefer @eftaIt borgelegt, unb ~rof. ~auI .Ra~Ie, ber fief) ia~t3e~ntelang mit hiefer !Sad)e befef)1iftigt ~at ullh lDo~I ag hie ~aul>tautoritcrt aUf biefem @ebiete gilt, ~at fief) hiefer ~rbett unter30gen. ~nhIid) ift aud) ber eben etlD1i~nte hitifef)e ~ppatat nief)t Olou eine :Duref)fief)t bes aUen, fonhem eine boUftcrnbige neue lSearoeitung. :Den ~nfang biefer britten ~usgaoe mad)tc bet berftorbene \]ei1:>3igcr ~ebraift ~rof. D. \RuDolf .Ritte!. !]lad) feinem Xohe im :;Saf)re 1929 ~aoen bie ~rofelforen ~It unh ~iflfefbt mit einer !ltei~e anberer @e!ef)rten, unter hiefen ber ~ng11inber !ltoOinfon unb bet ~merifaner lSelDer, bic ~roeit lDeitergefU~tt unb bollenhet, unh hie iIDiirttember~ Ilifef)e ~ibeIgefeUfef)aft ~at unermiibet hie groben Roften getragen unh nun bas !IDer! fertiggefteUt. :Der berbiente :Direttor biefer ~nftalt Dr. ~. :Die~I, mit bern lDir fef)on feit ;Saf)ren etIDa5 metOinhung f)aben, fd)tieb uns fiir3Iief): "Db bie unenhlief)e mU~e, ber groj)e j}feib unh bie unge~euren ~often, hie biefes !IDctf berurfaef)te, nun aud) belof)nt lDerben hurd) einen entfpred)enhen ~bfat ber Biblia Hebraica? :Das ift bie j}rage, bie fid) fiir uns er~ebt. !IDir lDoUen @ott bitten, bali er bie meroteitung auef) biefer neuen Biblia Hebraica fegnen moge, fo lDie 280 Book Review - ~itetatut et es Dis~et bei bet etften unb 3lneiten ~uflage getan ~aV Unb Init miid)ten nun an unfetm :teile mit~elfen, ba% Mefes ausge3eicf)nete ~ed, bas fo Inid)ttg ift fUt bas 'Stubium bes ~ebtiiifd)en ~ibeHe1:tes, aucf) teC~te ~netfennung unb lBetbteitung finbet. ~it ~aben me~tere ~usgaoen bet ~eotiiifel)en ~ioeI, aoet biefes lilled Initb, Inie fcf)on in ben ftU~eren ~uflagen, fo nocf) bie1 me~t iett bas lette ~ott au fl>tecf)en ~aoen. Unb Inenn einet ftagen InUtbe, Inatum Mefes ~ert au%et ben fel)on angegeoenen @tUnben fo lnettboU 1ft unb aUe anbetu ~us~ gaoen beil ~eotiiifel)en :te1:tes etfeten foUte, fo etlnii~nen Init nut bies dne: Shine boUftiinbige i,)anbausgaoe bet ~eotiiifcf)en ~ioel ~at eoen einen folcf}en ftitifel)en ~l>l>arat; unb Inie lnettboU Mefer ift unb mit tin l>aat ~orten ilfters einen .Rommentar erfett, milgen einige ~eifl>iele aeigen. ~s ift aUgemein an~ erfannt, bau getabe ber :te1:t bet 'SamuemoUcf)et im ~aufe bet ~a~t~unbette unb ~alJttaufenbe manel)e 'Scf)idfale etfalJten lJat. 'So lefen Init 3.~. 1 'Sam. 6, 18 in bet beutfcl)en ~toel, ba% bie ~unbeslabe "Dis an bas groue ~oe1" geotacf}t unb batauf niebetgefett Inutbe. ~m ~nglifel)en lJei%t es "unto the great stone of Abel"; aoet "stone" ift in italics gebtudt, fte~t alfo niel)t in bem jetigen lJeoriiifel)en :te1:t. i>as beutfel)e ,,~oeIJ/, bas aus bem ~eoriiifel)en :te1:t ~eriioer~ genommen Inutbe, ift unbetftnnbIiel), unb bas engIifel)e "stone" ift facf}liel) ticf}tig, aoer ift neoen ,,~oe1" ein ~infel)ieofeI. ~in ~lid aUf ben ftittfcf}en ~l>l>arat fagt nun bem ~efer biefet lJeornifel)en ~ioeI, ba% melJtete lJeotiiifel)e !!Ranuffril>te, bie 'Sel>tuaginta unb bie aIte aramiiifel)e ftoerfetung, ber fogenannte :targum, niel)t ~:lN ~aoen, f onbetn ):IN, unb bamit 10ft fiel) bie ganae 'Sel)lnierigfeit. lillie ilfted, f~' ~nb auel) ~iet bie b~iben einanbet n~nliel)en ~uel)ftaoen I unb ~ oeim ~ofel)tei~ oen betlneel)felt Inorben, unb bet :te1:t lautet: 'Sie otael)ten bie ~abe "oiS an ben gtouen 'Stein unb Iieuen fie batauf". 1 'Sam. 13, 1 ~at in bet beutfel)en unb englifel)en ~toel fcf}on manel)em ~efer etlnas .Rol>f3erOteel)en gemael)t. ~s lJei%t ba: ,,'Saul Inat ein ~a~t ~iinig gelnefen, unb ba er alnei ~a~re fioet ~stael tegiett lJatte" ufln.; im ~ngIifel)en: "Saul reigned one year, and when he had reigned two years", ufln. ~eber nael)benfliel)e ~efet mertt balb, ba% ~iet etlna!! mit bem :te!:te niel)t gan3 in Otbnung ift, aumar es genau nael) bem ~ebriiifcf}en :te!:t lJeiflt: ,,~in ~a~t aH Inar 'Saul, ag et minig Inutbe", Inas nacf} feinet im ~uel)e et3ii~Hen ~ebensgefel)iel)te unmilgIiel) ift. ~oet ein ~lid aUf ben fritifcf}en ~l>l>arat lJier fagt, "Deest numerus", "bie ,8alJI felJlt". i>ie .8a~I ber ~eben!!~ ialJte ift ausgefaUen, Ina!! Ietel)t gefel)e~en fonnte, ba bie ,8alJlen utfl>rfingliel) niel)t ausgefel)tieben, fonbetn nur mit ~uel)ftaoen als ,8a~raeiel)en angegeben Inurben. i>a 'Saul fel)on an ~onat~an einen 'So~n ~atte, ber in ben erften ~a~ten feiner lRegierung bereH!! eine ~bteilung bes i,)eeres anfU~rte, alfo minbeften!! alnan3ig ~a~re aH, Inenn niel)t nIter gelnefen fein muu, fo fann auel) 'Saul beim ~ntritt feiuct lRegierung faum unter bietaig ~a~re aIt gelnefen fein. Unb biefe ,8alJl "bier3ig" ift eoen burel) ein lBerfe~en ber ~bfel)reiber ausgefaUen, Inie bet lJebtiiifcf}e :tqt auel) fonft anbentet. - 2 ~iin. 24, 18 ~ei%t ell in ber bentfcf}en ~ibel: ,,~el)t~ 3elJn ~a~re art Inar ~oiael)in, ba et .Riinig Inatb"j ebenfo in ber englifcf}en ~ibeI. ~oet 2 (E~ron. 36, 9 fte~t: ,,~el)t ~a~te aIt Inar ~oiael)in", ebenfo in ber englifel)en ~ibel; unb beibe ~ibe1ausgaben ~aben ben ietigen lJebtiiifel)en :te!:t tiel)ttg Uber~ fett. i>as fie~t aus Inie ein ~ibetfl>tuel) unb ift 'ooel) feiner, fon'oern nut ein 'Sd)einlnibetfl>rud). lilla~re ~i'oerfl>rUel)e gibt es niel)t im giittHel)en lillort. Unb bod) ftimmen bie beiben 'SteUen niel)t, unb nut "ael)t3e~n" Initb tiel)tig fein. SDenn ~oiad)in tegierte nur 'otei !!Ronate unb boel) Inirb i,)efd. 19, 5-7 bon ilJm ausgef agt, bafl er Inie ein iunger S3iilne rauben letute unb !!Renfel)en ftafl unb bie ~itlnen (ber @etiiteten) ertannte, bas lJei%t, fel)iinbete, Inas bon einem ael)tiii~tigen Book Review - \literatur 231 .Rnaben laum gcfagt tnerben lonnte, .ltittei§ lBilie1 3eigt ben filleg .ur \lilfung ber @3cf)ttJierigfeit, inbem fie narauf f)intneift, bali fJebriiifd)e !manufftipte, &;;>anb~ jd)tiften ber @3eptuaginta unb bie flJrifd)e ftberfe~ung uud) in ber ~fJtonHafteUc "acf)t3cf)nll lefen, ~§ ift ofJne {3tneife! tnieber cin merfefJen aUf feUen bet Illb~ fd)rciber, burd) mertned)fIung ber {3afJ!.eid)en fUr 8 unb 18, entftanben, Unb fo lilnnten !nit nod) lBcifpie1e aUf lBeifpiefe anfUf)ren, bie ben fillert biefer trefflid)en f)ebriiifdJen lBibe! an.eigen, Unb babei ift nun ber !j:\reis fUr ein lBud) in f)ebriii~ fd)en %lJpen, bas runb 1500 @3eiten in fold)er ttefflid)en Illusftattung umfajit, gerabqu fpottbillig, foUte eigentlid) ftatt 10 !marl 10 5l)oUars fein unb ift nut miiglid) bei gan. gtoflen Dpferu ber genannten lBillclanftuIt, Unb aud) llei biefem fillerfc finoet tnegen bet ~ntttJertung be§ amerHanifd)en 'IloUars im Illuslanb cine 'Ilctminbcrung bes !j:\reifeiJ (25 !j:\r03ent) ftatt bet ~6emplaten, bie nael) Illmerifa geljen, !milge bie 'IletlagiJbucf)ljanblung burd) reid)e ~tbnaljme bes filledes einiget~ majien ~rfa~ finben! fillir ertniiljnen nocf), bali biefe lBillel aud) in fUnheljn \liefe~ rltllgen 3U be.ieljen ift, iebe 3um !j:\reife Ilon M, 1. 70, tuas fUr ben &;;>anbgebraud) feljr bequem ift, %atfiicf)rtcf) ljat cinet unfeter alten !j:\aftoten, bet nocf) immer cifrig fcinen ljebriiifcf)en %e!;t lieft unb dnen gan3en %eil besfelben austuenbig fann, fiiqlid) bie \liefctltng, bie ben !j:\ropljeten :;Sefaias umfalit, be,ogen, loeil cr ben %c1:t tnegen abneljmenbcn lllugenIicf)tes nalje an bie Illugen ljalten mUfl unb bies nicf)t mit einem fd)ttJereren SSanbe gut tun fann, lBei biefer @elegenlJeit mag aucf) ertuiilJnt tu et'b en, baji bie fillUrttemoergifcf)e !j:\rillilegierte SSibelanftalt fiir3rtd) bas 125jiiljrige :;subiliium ilJres SSeftef)ens ge~ feiert !jat, (B fel) ft ung ie~t ber Utaum, ilJre metbienfte gebUlJtenb .U tnUtbigen, ~s ift aUgemein befannt, bafl fie bie SSioel in aUen miiglid)en tyotmaten unb Illusgaben Iletiiffentlicf)t unb betbreitd f)at. fillir er!niilJnen nut brei ~in3el~ lJeitcn: 6ie !jat bie auel) in unferu .!l'rdfen tneitbcroreitete trefflicf)e unb bocf) fo billige, l)anblicf)e Illusgaoe bes griecf)ifcf)en ~euen %eftaments bon ~eftle oeforgt unb HiM tte immer tuiebcr, jebesma! beroeffert, in immer neuer @eftalt erfd)einCllj fie lJut bie gana au~gc3eicf)nctc @3eptuaginta bon Nu~lfs f)erausgegeben (bgt biefe ,8eitfd)tift, VI, 873); unb im :;Sntereffe ber S'jeibenmiftton !jat fie fiira~ lic9 aud) bie fogenannte @3ua~elMSiber berilffentlicf)t, eine lBibeliibetfetung bes baburd) berUlJmt gettJorbenen \leijJ3iger !miffionarg Dr. NiilJ! in dne aftifanifcf)e @3.prad)e, hie jett fcf)on bon dtua 50 !miUionen bon !menfcf)en gefprod)en ober bod) berftanbcn tnitb unb immer ttJeiter ficf) augoteitet, Illud) babd 9at bie Illnftalt feine S~often gefcf)eut, fonbern im :;sntmffe ber merbreitung bes fillortcs @ottes bie ~{1t§gabe untetnommen, \l, ty it r 0 r in g e r The Kingdom of God Is at Hand, The Life of Jesus in the Four Gospels, By Harold McA. Robinson, General Secretary of the Board of Christian Education of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, With two maps, a harmony of the four gospels, topics for discussion, and suggested books, The Westminster Press, Philadelphia, 92 pages, 5X7l/2, Flexible paper cover. This little book, the price of which unfortunately is not given, can be recommended to our pastors and teachers, It will be helpful to those who wish to give a course in the life of Christ. The arrangement is lucid, the chief facts are clearly presented, Whoever looks for a brief survey of the Gospel-story should have his attention drawn to this work, The "Harmony of the Gospels," which is included in the rear of the book and which the author follows, is that of Davis's Bible Dictionary, From the 232 Book Review - ~itetatut view concerning John's baptism (p.29), "John washed with water as a sign that God had washed away their sins," every Lutheran reader will dissent. When the author on the same page defines the kingdom of God as "the society in which the will of God is done," he has the approval of this reviewer. It must not be overlooked of course that this "society" is a spiritual one, consisting of all those who believe in Jesus as their Savior. W. ARNDT The Inte1"Pretation of St. Paul's Epistles to the Colossians, to the Thessalonians, to Timothy, to Titus, and to Philemon. By R. C. H. Lenski. Lutheran Book Concern, Columbus, O. 986 pages, 51f2X8:!h. Price, $4.50. Order from Concordia Publishing House, 3558 S. Jefferson Ave., St. Louis, Mo. Here we have another volume constituting a link in that mag- nificent chain which, when completed, will be a commentary on the whole New Testament by Prof. R. C. H. Lenski, the separate volumes of which are now appearing as fast as is feasible. One does not have to agree with everything that is said in these volumes and to find all peculiar- ities of style and of exegetical method the acme of what the human mind can achieve in order to give this commenULry a hearty general commendation. In the present volume I read with a great deal of satis- faction the exposition of Col. 2:16 f. on the abrogation of the Jewish Cere- monial Law and the section on Antichrist with reference to 2 Thess. 2. where Lenski vigorously champions the old Lutheran view that the prophecy of Paul has found its fulfilment in the Roman papacy. That in Col. 2:18, which admittedly is a difficult passage, he refuses to take the easy road of textual emendation, a cutting of the Gordian knot, too readily resorted to by many modern critics, in this instance even by Westcott and Hort, likewise elicited my approval. I do not agree with the exposition of 2 Thess. 2:13, one of the texts quoted frequently when the doctrine of predestination is presented, although some of Lenski's observations are illuminating. He misunderstands the thought of the apostle when he says: ''The idea that, when this choice was made, 'you' were 'unbelievers' is excluded by the EV phrase." His translation of this phrase "in connection with sanctification of spirit and faith in truth" may be admitted to be correct, but such a rendering would not yet justify us in placing the creation of faith, from our human point of view, before election. The great truth is simply brought out that elec- tion was not absolute, the mere decision to save us, but included the whole ordo salutis. The passages which a conservative reviewer would like to quote are well-nigh numberless. It is not necessary, however, to insert any of them because by this time Lenski's treatment of exe- getical questions and positive tone in disposing of difficulties are well known. W. ARNDT ~n G;fjriftulJ. l!:ine Unterfucf)ung 3ut: 6\>tad)e unb %~eo(ogie beg q,laulu~. ?{lon ~etnet 6cf)maucf), Lie. theol. metfag \lon ~. !l3ette(gmann, @Utet~lo~" 1935. 197 i5eiten 6X9. q,lteiS: RM.5.80. ~s ift Dies ein ~ed, bas 3tL ben "lJl;euteftamentnd)en f)'otfd)ungen", ~etnus~ gegeoen \lon q,ltof. D. ,otto 6d)mill, unb 3Wat BUt etftcu !Rei~e, "q,lnu(ugftubien", ge~iitt. :rlet @egenftnnb, bet ~iet be~anbe(t whb, ift wid)tig fUt i:ln~ metft!tnbnis Book Review - £itetatur 288 her S'JeUigen S~tift. ~s gibt mo~I feinen aUfmetffamen !Bibenefet, her fi~ ni~t f~on gefragt ~(itte: !fias bebeutet eigentU~ het m:Ul!htucf, het fi~. fo ~iiufig in hen @5~tiften !pauli finhet: "in @;~tifto" oher "in @;~rifto ~~fu"1 '.iDie Sa~e murhe 1892 bon !prof. m:. '.iDeilimann aum ®egenftanh einer grUnh!i~en Untetfu~ung ge. ma~t, morin hiefer ~erbottagenhe ~enner her .\1aulinif~en S~tiften au folgene hem lRefuItat fam: ,,'.iDie bon !paulus unter !Benutlung dnes !profanf.\1rad)e gebtau~el! gef~affene tyormel ev XQLO"tcp 'I'I]O'ou ~aratterified has met~iiUnis hel! @;~tiften au ~~fus @;~tiftus als ein Iofal aufaufaffenbel! Si~befinhen in hem .\1neumatif~en @;~tiftus. '.iDiefer ®ebanfe, fUr me!d)en es in jehem fonftigen mer. ~iiUnt§ hes !menfd)en aum !menfd)en an dner m:nalogie boUtg fe~U, fonnen mit unl! berbeutnd)en hurd) hie m:nalogie het hen !fienhungen ev Jt'VeUJl.a.'tL unh ev 'tcp -3ecp augtunhe liegenhen morfteUung hel! mermeUenl! in einem het £uft bet. gldd)baren !pneuma.~Iemente." (mgL m:. '.iDeilimann, ,,'.iDie neuteftamenm~e tyOt. mel ,in @;~rifto ~~fu''', S. 97 f.) '.iDie Sad)e murhe hann biel eriitted. ~n ,,£e~re unh !fie~r" erfd)ien 1911 au!! het tyeher hel! feIigen !prof. !fi. !miintemiiUer ein m:rtUe! Uber hiefe tyormeI, her aud) in hem borHegenhen !fierf aUiet! mirh. Unfer merfaffet gibt 3unii~ft dnen ftberbHcf liber hie ~rbeiten, hie, bon '.iDeili. manns !Bud) ausge~enh, liber hiefen ®egenftanh gef~tieben murben. ~nbem et fohann feine eigene Unterfud)ung beginnt, untetfd)eihet er 3mifd)en hen m:ul!. hrilcfen "in @;~tifto ~~fu", "in @;~tifto" unh "im S'J~ttn" unb geminnt aUf e!;egetifd)em !fiege hie ftbetaeugung, haf; mit es ~iet nid)t einfad) mit aul! ftiliftifd)en ®rlinhen gemii~Uen S~no~ma au tun ~aben, fonhetn hab jehe her brei tyotmeln i~te befonbm !Beheutung ~at. S. 158 f~rdbt er: ,,®egenUbet het aUgemeinen \llnna~me, bali hie berfd)iehenen tyorme!n hen gIrid)en Sinn ~aben unb barum aul! ftHiftifd)en ®rUnhen miteinanher bet!aufd)bar finh, ~at fid) ge. seigt, bali gerabe i~re !mannigfaltigfeit nid)t!l anbetel! iff ag her notmenhige ~usbtucf einel! i~nen 3ugeothneten Sad)bet~aUel!, beffen '.iDreigIiehrigfdt fid) in hen matianten EV XQLO''tcp 'I'I]O'ou, iiv XQLO''tcp unh ev ~uQI41 aus.\1riigt, mii~tenh hie hiefe in fi~ betdnigenhe ,tom.\1Ie!;e tyorme!' iiv XQLO"tcp 'I'I]O'ou 'tcp ~uQ«P 'itJl.WV feine ®an3~eit te.\1tiifentiett.u ,,~n @;~rifto ~~fu" beaeid)net nad) unfetm mete faffer "ein giittnd)es ®efd)e~en, hal! unab~iingig bon aUem gIiiubigen ~eben in emiger moUenhung gUUlg gefett ift". (S. 66.) ,,~n @;~tifto" ~ingegen ent~an "bas meta.\1~~fifd)e !prinsi.\1 her als ,!fiirUi~feit' bel! meta.\1~~fifd)en ®efd)e~enl! iiv XQLO''tcp 'I'I]O'ou fid) barfteUenben ,neuen Sd)il.\1fung', heren Xriiger hal! a.\1ofto. Iifd)e ,!fiott' ift". (S.102.) !mit anbetn !fiorten, mii~renh hie tyotmel "in @:~rifto ~~fu" fid) aUf bie ~t!ilfung unb merfil~nung be3ie~t, melft bie tyorme! "in @;~rifto" ~in aUf hal! grof;e !fietf ®ottel! im !menfd)en, hie ®laubensfetlung. mon her tyormel "im S'J~rrn" meint fd)lief;lid) her merfaffer, hali fie "ben ~~tios (S'J~trn) ag ~orm dnel! hurd) hiefe letltere getid)teten S'JanheInll" beaeid)ne. (S. 124.) &s mirh, mie hiefe Stuhie ~erbor~ebt, hiefe tyormel ha gebraud)t, mo bon !miffionl!arbeit hie lRebe ift. '.iDie grolie tyrage ift nun, ob man bem merfaffet, inhem er hiefe intereffanten ~rgebniffe botIegt, 3uftimmen fann. !mir .\1erfilnlid) ift el! nod) nid)t gemili, haf; er mit feinen ~uffteUungen red)t ~at. So fe~r id) mid) Ubet ben fd)iinen Sinn freue, ben er in ben berfd)iebenen tyotme!n finhet, unh fo fe~r biefer mit ber X~eologie hel! ~.\1ofteIl! im aUgemeinen ftimmt, muli id) hod) offen gefte~en, haf; id) nod) ni~t Uber3eugt bin, bali !paulus jebet hiefet tyotmeIn dne befonhete !Be. heutung geben moUte. ~d) mild)te aber has Stuhium hiefes !fiedll aUen, hie tiefer in hie X~eorogie bel! ~eiHgen ~.\1oftels einhtingen mild)ten, marm em.\1fe~(en. !fi. ~ t n b t 234 Book Review - ~iteratut !Religion unb ~JlIitif in bet aletmanenfiefeijtung. ?non iffialtet 18atfe. metIag bon ililtfffing unb j'fralld'e, \JciP3ig. 1937. 46 Eleiten. >preiS, gebunben: M.1 (fUrs ~usfanb 25 >pt03ent lliebriget). ilet ?nerfaffer miff bie 9JCotibe ulltetfudjen, bie fUr bie ~nna~me bes (£~ri" ftentums burdj bie ®etmallen beftimmenb maren. 9JCan ~at ntdjt immer be" adjtet, fagt er, "ban es fid) in bem ~riiftefpier ber (£~tiftianifierung um btei ~omponenten ~anbeH: poIitifdje 9JCadjte, ~itd)e unb ?noltilreligion". ~r ftteitet gegen bie ~nna~me, ban bet bem iibetiritt bet germanifdjen ?niinet politi.fdje ~t" miigungen entfdjeibenb maren, "bie mit bet !Religion unb bern ®fauoen nidjg 3U tun ~atten, fonbetn in gemiffen ?nodeilen fagen, bie bie ~nna~me bes neuen ®laubens mit fidj btingen, oC3ie~un\Jsmeife in IRadjtdlen, bie bas j'feft~aften am aHen ®lauoen nadj fidj 3ie~en mUtbe". ~t mcint, fo reinnd) fonne man gat nidjt 3hJifdjen >politif unb !Religion fdjeibenj biclme~t feien >poIitif unb ?nom" religion f 0 eng mHeinanber berbunben gehJef en (!Religion bUbete bie ®runblage bes politifdjen unb bes gansen fuftureUen ~ebens), ban, hJenn ~eibnifdje Eltiimme bon d)tiftfidjen ?niilfern befiegt lDurben, fie gan, felbftbetftiinblidj mit i~rer pOn" tifdjen Elefbftiinbigfett audj i~te uHe ?noltilreHgion uUfgaoen unb mit bet .\;lett" fdjaft audj bie !Religion bet Elieget anna~men (Eladjfen) ober, menn fie i~rcn iffio~nfit iinbetten unb fiel) ftieblidj untet (£~riften anfiebeften, eoenfaUs i~re alte !Religion ber10ren unb fid) ber lReHgion bes ~anbes anpaflten (Oftgoten, ~ango" batben, j'franfen). Elefbft hJenn man ber ~ugfU~rung nidjt beiftimmt (tel) felbft miidjte midj o~ne IneHeres Eltubium nidjt fo ober anbers entfdJeibcn), fo ift bet futOe ~uffat, bet 3nerft in bet ,,~Ugemetnen ~b."\Jut~. ~itdjen3eitung" etfd)ien, bod) intercffant unb lefenslDeti, befonbers ba gegenmiirtige El±tiimungen in bet firel)lidjen iffielt ileutfdjlanbs nii~ere Unterfuel)ung bet l8efe~tung5\Jefdjidjte ber aUen ®ermanen na~efegen. sr ~ e o. .\;l 0 ~ e r The Small Sects in America. By Elmer T. Clark. The Cokesbury Press. Nashville. 1937. 311 pages, 5:\hX8:\h. Price, $2.00. May be ordered through Concordia Publishing House, 3558 S. Jefferson Ave., St. Louis, Mo. Dr. Clark has rendered the student in Comparative Symbolics a dis- tinct service, for he has carefully studied the pamphlets, tracts, period- icals, educational publications, year-books, and minutes of over 100 small sects, has corresponded with, or personally visited, the headquarters of more than 50. His study throws interesting light on many of the obscure sects. Besides the sects treated in the "Census of Religious Bodies, 1926," and in Popular Symbolics, 1932, he discusses "Father Divine's" Peace Mission (8 pages), several purely local cults, e. g., the communistic group in Florida known as Church Triumphant, or Koreshanity, which teaches that man lives inside a hollow world, Peniel Mission, House of Prayer, a colored group whose emotional religious frenzy manifests itself in "jerks" and resembles the paroxysms of the Kentucky Revival about 1800. The author does not present the religious tenets in a matter-of-fact way, but attempts to explain the rise of these sects economically and particularly psychologically. He explains the unusual popularity of pre- millenarianism as a "defense mechanism"; i. e., when the poor fail to obtain material blessings through the social processes, they hope that a cosmic cataclysm will ultimately exalt them. Dr. Clark groups the small sects under the following headings: 1. The Pessimistic Group (mil- Book Review -l3iterntur 235 lenarian); 2. The Perfectionist Sects; 3. The Charismatic Churches of the Holy Roller Type; 4. The Communistic Societies; 5. The Legalistic Sects. Naturally such a division results in much overlapping. The sec- tion dealing with the legalistic sects is not entirely satisfactory, partly because contrary to fact the author exempts the larger Reformed bodies from every form of legalism (p. 213), partly because he defines legalism as "an intense devotion to the very word of Holy Writ," and chiefly be- cause legalism is prevalent in each offshoot of Calvinism or Arminianism. We heartily recommend the book because it is replete with factual in- formation, is interestingly written, and is very reliable and objective in the presentation of facts (we have noted only one or two very minor errors, e. g., failure to mention that the Amana Society discontinued the practise of Communism in 1932). A carefully selected bibliography of general works and an extensive list of tracts add greatly to the value of the book. F. E. MAYER The Art of Living. By Norman Vincent Peale, minister of Marble Col- legiate Church, New York City, radio preacher over the N. B. C. in services sponsored by the Federal Council of Churches. The Abingdon Press, New York. 144 pages, 51f4x73,4. Price, $1.00. The addresses offered in this book come from the pen of a nationally known Methodist minister. (In Brooklyn he rejuvenated a moribund congregation of forty members, which within three years became nine hundred strong and worshiped in a new $150,000 church-building.) In style and presentation they are attractive and contain helpful ideas. To our happiness-hunting generation the writer endeavors to show how happiness may be obtained through "applied Christianity," or the appli- cation of Christian principles to life. To secure happiness, a person must (I) meet himself fully and squarely, (II) banish worry, (III) take time to live, (IV) cultivate ease of mind, (V) understand what happi- ness is, (VI) escape fear, (VII) know the technique of spiritual power, (VIII) adapt himself to prevailing circumstances, (IX) observe Christ's healing power, (X) and "try God," and in all these things Christianity is directly beneficial. Dr. Peale belongs to the mediating Modernists, who may be called theological one-arm drivers, since they keep one hand on the wheel of orthodox tradition, while with the other they pet Dame Reason, whose charms attract them so very much that most of the time they find themselves off the road. When he speaks theologically, he is generally unorthodox; when he follows common sense, he usually has good advice to give; as for example: "Live a day at a time is sound wisdom" (p. 106). "The patient man is one who is unhurried in his soul and who finds it possible to relax within" (p. 107) . "Sin is not a fantasy. Tolstoy and Ibsen, two of the greatest masters of the human spirit in modern times, substantiated the preacher's emphasis on the reality and terror of sin" (p.143). Biblically unsound passages are such as these: "George Herbert's advice also is good. 'Undress your soul at night,' he says, 'not by self-examination, but by shedding as you do your garment, the daily sins, whether of omission or commission, and you will wake a free man with a new life'" (p. 107) . But can a man of his own power daily shed his sins as he does his garment? Scripture 236 Book Review - 53itetatut answers, No. "Essentially the function of the Church is that of the General Electric Company-to release power; but the former was con- tent, it seemed, to mumble prayers and recite creeds" (p. 91). Certainly a most unfair statement. After having spoken about the healing power of Christ, he says: "If this power is still operative, - and we see no reason for assuming that it is not, - it would mean that any man today who completely opens himself to the influence of the spiritual Christ would straightaway clear a channel within himself through which this power might flow" (p. 118) . This presupposes that Christ was a mere man and differed from other men only in degree, not in kind. In view of the writer's modernistic position even such apparently Christian state- ments as the following mean nothing: "No man is strong enough to take out of his own life the haunting memory and sting of past misdeeds. There is, however, thank God, a Great Physician who can perform this healing operation. I refer to that Physician of souls who, when He places His hand upon the life of a willing [?] patient, draws out of him with sure skill the dark poison which has infected his mind and soul and destroyed the peace and happiness of life. He has done it for many happy men and women through the years. He can do it for you" (p.l«). J. THEODORE MUELLER Sermons on the Apostles' Creed. Edited by Henry J. Kuiper. Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids. 296 pages, 5lJ4X73f4. Price, $2.00. The Faith We Live By. An Exposition of the Apostles' Creed. By Earl L. Douglass. Cokesbury Press, Nashville. 190 pages, 5x81h. Price, $1.50. In a day when many publishers hesitate or refuse to publish books on specific parts of Christian doctrine, with the plea that neither the theological nor the general public will buy such books, the appearance of two distinct volumes on the Apostles' Creed must be regarded as almost a phenomenon. And both of these books are written from the fundamentalist standpoint, at that. Of the twenty-four sermons in the first book by as many different authors the compiler says: "The sermons in this book are an exposition, from the Reformed viewpoint, of the Apostles' Creed, the best-known and most widely used of the ecumenical creeds of Christendom." Needless to remark, the Reformed viewpoint does show in many statements contained in these sermons, as in No. XXI, where the author states: "No, we do not believe that ... the Sacraments in particular are the channels through which this grace is conveyed to us. That is Roman Catholic doctrine [?], but not Scriptural truth." (P.262.) On the other hand, the sermons on "Our Faith in the Triune God," "The Virgin Birth of Christ, Our Savior," and others are as beautiful and Scriptural as that on "The Elect Church of Christ Jesus" is beside the mark in many of its statements. In other words, the book through- out presents Reformed theology. - The second book presents a series of sermons by a Presbyterian minister and therefore also has a Calvinistic background, not, however, in the emphatic manner of the former volume. The author wove into his discourses much historical material, which throws considerable light on his presentation. He believes in the atone- ment through the blood of Christ, and yet he does not understand the Book Review - £itetatut 237 double implication of the substitutionary work of the Savior when he says: "It was not to appease God's anger, but to fulfil God's love, that Christ suffered on the cross." (P. 90 f.) This in spite of the fact that he states on page 124: "The atonement of course was achieved by His death. God and man were reconciled by His dying." As for the re- mainder of the book, the section on Christ's descent into hell is weak, that on the Church is not clear, and millennialism is brought out on page 130, where the author associates with the final advent of Christ "a wide-spread diffusion of the Gospel, a great change among the Jewish people," etc. Caveat lect01'! P. E. KRETZMANN A History of Christian Worship. By Oscar Hardman. Cokesbury Press, Nashville, Tenn. 263 pages, 5lhx8. Price, $2.00. May be ordered through Concordia Publishing House, 3558 S. Jefferson Ave., St. Louis, Mo. Dr. Hardman is professor of Pastoral and Liturgical Theology in the University of London and therefore is well qualified to write a book of this kind. His approach to his task is stated in the preface to his book, where he writes: "Religious exercises alone may indicate religiosity rather than worship. . .. But when a sense of supernatural Presence, however vague in its intellectual definition, finds expression in acts of reverent approach and of dutiful obedience, then there is worship." The book is a brief but satisfactory history of Christian worship from the Apostolic Age to the present time. Some of the information in the form of tables is particularly valuable. We cordially recommend this hook to pastors who desire a brief summary of liturgical history. P. E. KRETZMANN A Mighty Winner of Souls. By Frank Grenville Beardsley, Ph. D. American Tract Society, New York, N. Y. 192 pages, 5lh x 70/4. Price, $1.50. When the words revival and revivalist are used, we think of such men as Richard Baxter, Jonathan Edwards, John Wesley, Charles Finney, Dwight L. Moody, Reuben A. Torrey, Gipsy Smith, and Billy Sunday. We also think of the revival of the Methodist camp-meetings of former days. The word revival in general usage refers not only to the thing itself but also to the method that is used. On account of the tactics used in many revivals we prefer not to use the word lest we be misunderstood. If by revival, however, we mean the giving of spiritual life to those who are by nature spiritually dead, then we can speak of the revival on the day of Pentecost at Jerusalem, of the revival which took place as the result of the Reformation, and the revival under such men as Louis Harms and others. We may also speak of a revival when we have in mind the intensifying of the spirituality of those Christians whose Christianity does not register very high. We are not so much concerned about the name as about the thing which it represents. And that demands our attention just at this time when a revival of spiritual awakening is not only needed, but when attempts are being made in that direction not only in sectarian circles (preaching mission) but also in the Lutheran Church, our own church- 238 Book Review - mtetutuT body included. When we speak of a revival or a preaching mission or an evangelistic campaign or a missionary forward movement or the Call of the Cross, in the final analysis these terms when used by us speak of the effort made toward a larger expansion of our work, reach- ing the masses with the Gospel-message. It is for this reason that the reading of such books as that by Beardsley, A Mighty Winner of Souls, referring to the evangelistic efforts of Finney, or Beardsley's History of American Revivals or Shearer's Old-time Revivals will not only prove to be interesting and stimulating but will also warn us against wrong methods used in revivals and against the teaching of doctrines that are not taken from the Bible. When conducting a so-called evangelistic campaign, we must first of all keep in mind that souls can be saved only by the preaching of the Gospel. The purpose of an evangelistic campaign must not be to attract crowds and hold them spellbound by all manner of antics and by presenting all manner of interesting and startling facts, all of which would also give a wrong impression of the Church and its purpose; nor should the evangelist make the nervous system his target instead of man's conscience. If the doctrine as God has revealed it is not preached, preaching cannot serve its purpose. And, of course, the revivalist should always preserve that dignity in reference to language and manner which his divine message demands. The story of Finney's life and the evangelist's efforts make interesting reading. Finney was born in 1792 and died in 1875. The biographer gives Finney's wrong view on Christ's work of atonement in the follow- ing paragraph: "He dissented from the view that Christ had literally paid the debt of sinners. On the contrary, he affirmed that Christ had died to remove an insurmountable difficulty in the way of God's for- giving sinners, so as to make it possible for Him to proclaim a universal amnesty; the interests of 'public justice' demanded some substitute for the penalties of a broken Law; and since Christ had honored the Law in His obedience and death, it was safe for God to pardon any and all men who would repent of their sins and believe in Him. Christ's death did not cancel sin in the sense of a literal payment of debt, but was a condition to the forgiveness of sin, since it satisfied the demands of 'pUblic justice.''' (Page 40.) Finney also did not believe in the total natural depravity of man. Yet, according to his biographer, he believed that man is a sinner who cannot save himself by his own works but needs Jesus Christ, the Savior. As an example of Finney's work we are quoting the following para- graph: "Charles P. Bush, who afterwards became an influential minister in New York, but at that time was a student in the Rochester Academy and had united with the Third Presbyterian Church under Mr. Finney's min- istry, wrote: 'The whole community was stirred. Religion was the topic of conversation in the house, in the shop, in the office, and on the street . . . . The only theater in the city was converted into a livery-stable; the only circus into a soap- and candle-factory. Grog-shops were closed; the Sabbath was honored; the sanctuaries were thronged with happy worshipers; a new impulse was given to every philanthropic enterprise; the fountains of benevolence were opened, and men lived to do good. Book Review - £iteratur 239 "'And it is worthy of special notice that a large number of the leading men of the place were among the converts - the lawyers, the judges, physicians, merchants, bankers, and master mechanics. These classes were more moved from the very first than any other. Tall oaks were bowed as by the blast of the hurricane. Skeptics and scoffers were brought in and a large number of the most promising young men. It is said that no fewer than forty of them entered the ministry. "'It is not too much to say that the whole character of the city was changed by that revival. Most of the leaders of society being converted and exerting a controlling influence in social life, in business, and in civil affairs, religion was enthroned as it has been in few places. . . . Even the courts and the prisons bore witness in crime. The courts had little to do, and the jail was nearly empty for years afterward.' "The influence of this revival was felt throughout the length and breadth of the land. The great cities especially were moved. It was estimated that more than fifteen hundred towns and cities were blessed with revivals of religion, and as many more felt the impulse of the move- ment. During the first five months fifty thousand were converted, and before the movement had spent its force, more than one hundred thou- sand had been gathered into the churches of the nation." (Pp. 90, 91.) J. H. C. FRITZ The Business Administmtion of a Church. By Robert Cashman. Willett, Clark, and Co., Chicago, Ill. 163 pages, 5lhx8. Price, $1.50. May be ordered through Concordia Publishing House, 3558 S. Jefferson Ave., St. Louis, Mo. Pastors will find this quite a helpful book. One will not always agree with the author, but will be grateful for many a practical sug- gestion offered by him on such subjects as files and records, advertising and publicity, the sexton, the use of one's time, personal conduct, etc. TH. LAETSCH Our Glorious Savior. Daily devotions covering the period from Janu- ary 16 to March 1, 1938. By F. J. Lankenau. Concordia Publishing House, St. Louis, Mo. 1938. 61 pages. Price: 5 cts. per copy, postpaid; dozen, 48 cts., and postage; 100, $3.00, postage extra. Besides the fact that this little devotional book for the Epiphany season is well worth spreading for its own sake, there is an additional reason, the publishers say, why this pamphlet should be distributed widely; It prepares the way for, and introduces, the Lenten season. May it find a larger market even than its predecessors! THEo. HOYER Proceedings of the Thirty-second Convention of the California and Nevada District. 1936. Concordia Publishing House, St. Louis, Mo. 1937. 20 pages. Price, 18 cts. This report contains the record of the business transacted by this convention. THEo. HOYER BOOKS RECEIVED From the Judson Press, PhiladeLphia: More World Stories Retold. Two hundred stories for retelling and dramatization. By William James Sly. 297 pages, 5X7lj2. Price, $2.00. 240 Book Review - \litctutUt From the Abingdon Press, New York, Cincinnati, Chicago: Meditations. Suggested by Biblical and other poetry. By Laura H. Wild. 150 pages, 4¥2 X 6%. Price, $1.00. From Harper & Brothers, New York and London: Ninety-Nine Sermons for Children. A source-book of suggestion. By Rev. G. B. F. Hallock, M. A., D. D. 119 pages, 5X8. Price, $1.00. The Red Stocking and Other Christmas Stories. By Margaret W. Eggleston. 153 pages, 5X7¥2. Price, $1.50. From Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, Mich.: Dreams Come True. By G. L. Wind. 161 pages, 5X7¥2. Price, $1.00. Practical Clri:istian Living. Choice Thoughts for Daily Meditation. Compiled by Zelma Argue. 32 pages, 51f4x7¥2. Price, 25 cts. Flowers of the New Life. Meditations on the Love of the Savior. By Edwin Raymond Anderson. 73 pages, 5¥4X7¥2. Price, 35 cts. My Human Best, Filled with the Spirit. (Quiet Hour Series.) By Richard Ellsworth Day. 94 pages. Price, 35 cts. From the Warner Press, Anderson, Ind.: A Call to Prayer. By Vivian Ahrendt. 159 pages. Price, $1.00. From Ernst Kaufmann, Chicago, Ill.: Lutheran Elementary Schools. A catalog presenting the history, purpose, status, and the program of the Lutheran schools within the Northern Illinois District. By Paul T. Buszin and Alfred Schmieding, Editorial Committee. 48 pages, 5% X7%. Price, 15 cts. From W. A. Wilde Company, Boston, Mass.: The Christian Gentleman. By William H. Ridgway. 143 pages, 5X7l;2. Price, $1.25. From Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, London, Edinburgh: Cut from the Loaf. Expositions and meditations from the writings of James M. Gray, D. D., LL. D. Compiled and edited by William Marion Runyan. Introduction by Will H. Houghton, D. D. 182 pages, 5X7%. Price, $1.50. NOTICE TO OUR SUBSCRmERS In order to render satisfactory service, we must have our current mailing-list correct. The expense of maintaining this list has been materially increased. Under present regulations we are subject to a "fine" on all parcels mailed to an incorrect address, inasmuch as we must pay 2 cents for every notificatlon sent by the postmaster on a parcel or periodical which is undeliverable because no forwarding address is available or because there has been a change of address. This may seem insignificant, but in view of the fact that we have subscribers getting three or more of our periodicals and considering our large aggregate subscription list, it may readily be seen that it amounts to quite a sum during a year; for the postmaster will address a notification to each individual periodical. Our subscribers can help us by notifying us-one notification (postal card. costing only 1 cent) will take care of the addresses for several publications. We shall be very grateful for your cooperatlon. Kindly consult the address label on this paper to ascertain whether your subscriptlon has expired or will soon expire. "Mar 38" on the label means that your subscription has expired. Please pay your agent or the Publisher promptly in order to avoid interruption of service. It takes about two weeks before the address label can show change of address or acknowledgment of remittance. When paying your subscription, please mention name of publication desired and exact name and address (both old and new, if change of address is requested). CONCORDIA PUBLISHING HOUSE, St. Louis. Mo.