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LEHRE UND WEHRE
MAGAZIN FUER Ev.-LuTH. HOMILETIK
THEOLOGICAL QUARTERL Y-THEOLOGICAL MONTHLY
Vol. VII :May, 1936 No.5
CONTENTS
Der Pietismus. Theo. Hoyer •...••.•.••.••..••••.•.•....
The Principles and Teachings of the Dialectical Theology.
T h. E ngelder •....•
Luther, Bucer, and the Wittenberg Concordia.
Page
321
329
P. E. Kretzmann • • .• 340
Der Schriftgrund fuer die Lehre von der satisfactio vicaria.
P. E. Kretzmann • • .• 348
Beichtrede. o. Kaiser. . . • • • • . . . • . • . • • • • • • • • . • • • . • • • • .• 350
Dispositionen ueber die erste von der Synodalkonferenz
angenommene Evangelienreihe .................... 354
:Miscellanea ........................................ 368
Theological Observer. - Kirchlich-Zeitgeschichtliches .... 374
Book Review. - Literatur. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 390
Ein P redlger mWlB nlcht alleln weid ... ,
alao daaa er die 8chafe unterwelse, wle
lie rechte Ohrlaten IOllen eeln, sondem
such daneben den Woe1fen wehren., da!;!!
lie die 8chaf" nlcht angreUen und mit
falacher Lehre verfuehren und Irrtum eln·
fuebren. - Lulher.
Es 1st keln Ding, du die Leute mmr
bei der Kirche behaelt denn die JUte
Predigt. - Apologi_, Arl. t~.
It the t rumpet give an uncertain sound,
who shall prepare hlmeel1 to the battle?
1 Ctn'. ~, 8.
Published for the
Ev. Lut h. Synod of Missouri, Ohio, and Other States
CONCORDIA PUBLISHING HOUSE, St. Louis, Mo.
A CHIVE
390 Book Review. - mteratm.
Book Review. - £ttCflltUt.
!lUtteftnmentfidje !8ivell'unbe. ~in ,\;danbbudj flir ?Bilienefer. mon 9J1 a t tin
':t lj i 10. mit biden gtavljiidJen :DatfteUungen unb ~nt±en. medag bon
~. j}. 5teinfovf in !Stuttgart. 488 5eHen 5% X 8%, in £eintuanb mit
:Deeier, unb tRiicientitc1 gelllllthen. ~rei§: M.8.50.
:Diefe l/?BilieUunbel/ ift flit :tfJeoIogen unb aud) gebiIbete £aim beftimmt unb
entfJiiIt bid !SdjBne~ unb ®ute~. :Die SUbfldjt Des gau3en lilletfes ift, dne 3U'
fammenI)iingenbe ~nljcrHscrngalie bet biblifd)en ?Blid)et haquliieten. :Darin untet'
fdJeibet fid) bief, 'l.l.led bon allen iDnftigen ~lnlcitungen in bie ?Bibel: aUe literat'
!titif d) en unb teligionsgei d)icl)tIld)C1t j}tagen flnb crusgef d)Ioif en. :Det mertalf ct
geljt bon bet i'tbeqeugung aus, bab es elien bie1fadJ an bet tedjten ?BibeUenntnlS
feljIt, unb oljne -StueifeI ljat eine foId)e 'l.l.lcife ettuas flit fldj; unb bie :DatfteUung
tuftb treffIidj untetfttitt burd) cine \Reilje bon SUlibilbungen, -SufammenfteUung.en,
gtujJljifd)en ::DariteUungen unb !latten. ?BefHinbig tuftb cruel) aUf hie ?BibcI fellJft
betloiefen, fo bali man immer nuct)icljIagen fann. \Redjt tucttboll unb lili etjiel) t!icl),
um ein ~ajJitel f)ercrus3ugreifen, ift Die :Dcttftellung bell mofaifd)en ffied)ts in htei
~crviteIn :erftens bas BffenHldye \Red)t, 3i1leitens bas ~tlbattedjt, btittens bas
mBrtet, unb ~riegsred)t. (l:bcnfo tucrtboll ift aud) bie (!;inteUung unb ~nf)aIg,
ungaoe lid elncm jo fd)i1lierigen ?Budjc tuie .IdiolJ. ~UJer fteHid) ljaocn 10it aud)
fd)lDCrloiegenbc SUusjteUungen ou mad)en. ::Dct mcrfaffer finbet in bem lillott bon
bet j}einbfd)aft 3tuijdJen bem 5d)langen' unb lillelbesfamen nid)ts bom ~J(eiiias,
f onbem bet @ebanfe ift: 1/ :Der menf d) tann nid)t 3m ffiulje fommen, inbem et flu)
bem ?BBfen teftros ljingiut. (!;t fann bon bem ~amjJf gegen hie merflif)tung nid)t
Ian en. i'tber bem alio gefetten S1:amjJf iebod) fd)lnebt hie &;;ioffnung aUf ?Befiegung
bes ?Biifen unb Die ~rIBfung bon allem i'tbeI hem giittIidjm lillorte gemii~.1/ (5.27.)
::Den ~nf)art bes &;;io~enIiebes !SaIDmo~ be3eld)uet bet metfaffet aiS I/eln -Stuic,
gefVtiidj 3i1ltfdJen ?Briiutigam unb !Braut, besieljungstucife 3tuifdjenlJJ(ann unb
lilleib", unb gibt ag SUbfidjt bes ?Bud)es an: I/:D,et ::Didjter befingt bas @Iiici bet
~inelje, bas et erlellt ~at." (5.376-378.) Unb io fBnnten tuft nodj. meljt 'Sterren
geItenb mcrdjen, bie unfere Shim I)etausruTen bei ~efaias, ::Daniel unb anDern
bibIiidJen ?Budjem. SUber vriifenbe £efet filnnen aus bem ?Bucf)e gar mandJcs
lemen. £. j} li t b tin get.
The Interpretation of St. Paul's First and Secoll1d Epistle to the
Corinthians. By R. C. H. Lenski. Lutheran Book Concern, Colum-
bus, O. 1,383 pages, 5%X9. Price, $5.00. Order from Concordia
Publishing House, St. Louis, Mo.
Here we are furnished another one of the masterly volumes from the
pen of Dr. Lenski which, when their numoer is complete, will constitute
a commentary on the New Testament that friend and foe will have to
acknowledge as a splendid contribution to Lutheran literature. The Lu-
theran Book Concern, we ought to add, announces that "the finished manu-
scripts for the remaining books of the New Testament are in the hands
of the publishers and will be issued at the rate of one or two per year."
Like the other volumes of this series, this one is of attractive exterior and
invites reading through the beautiful large type· used by the printer, who
evidently put the salus oculorum leetoris above the considerations of his
Book Review. - £iteratur. 391
own exchequer. In examining the contents, one will at once be struck
with the author's refusal to fall in with any of the dissecting theories of
critics who see in Second Corinthians a medley of letters joined together
rather awkwardly, without satisfactory transitions. It is wholesome read-
ing to see how thoroughly and mercilessly he applies the broom to all the
hypothetical cobwebs which some scholaTs have spent precious yeaTs in
constructing. Next the conseTvative Lutheran Teader will not fail to Te-
mark the uncompromising adherence to the teaching of inspiration which
here directly and indiTectly is in evidence. On page 10 we read: "The Holy
SpiTit guided Paul's mind and thought, so that the result bears the divine
stamp." I Cor. 14, 37. 38. "This written result is the real evidence of in-
spiration. It governs in indissoluble union Paul's thought and his wOTd.
This is what the Church terms verbal inspiration, - and tl1cre is none
other as a point of fact. Not one wTong or faulty word; Paul's mind in-
deed; Paul's tllOughts indeed; Paul's words indeed; yet all of them undeT
the divine mind and will." That the theology of the authoT as reflected
in his comments is altogether Christocentric needs no proof where his books
are known.
In the exegetical process Dr. Lenski follows the old, proved method,
translating the sacred text, explaining grammatical and textual matters
that are difficult or peculiar, and setting forth teTsely, in language of his
own, the thoughts and truths the passage contains. Here as well as in
his former commentaries he refrains from cataloguing all the various views
which in the course of centuries have been uttered in the attempt to inter-
pret these epistles. Since the readers of this review will be inteTested in
haying placed before them Dr. Lenski's interpretation on some much-
discussed passages, I shall briefly submit his commcnts or opinion on a few
of them.
In 1 COT. 7, 12 the statement of St. Paul which has perplexed some
Bible-readeTs, "Now to the rest say I myself, not the Lord," is given this
satisfactory interpretation: "Jesus had no occasion to pronounce on the
sort of cases that Panl had to treat among the Corinthians. Hence Paul
cannot appeal to a logion, or statement, of Jesus when instructing the
Corinthians regarding these. He must speak (lego) regarding this type
himself; but he docs so as an apostle, with divine apostolic authority.
Thus, as he writes, divine inspiration applies to what he now records as
his own apostolic statement just as fully as it did to what he records in
restating the Lord's logion in its application to the Corinthians, YV. 10. 11."
(P. 295 f.) The difficult passage 1 Cor. 15,29, speaking of baptism "fOT
the dead," is Tendered and explained as follows: "'Else what shall they do
who are baptized with a view to the dead,' that is, who by the work and
example of Christians who have passed on are induced to have themselves
baptized 1" (P. 703 if.) On 1 Cor. 14, 34 this is the salient comment: "Any
act on the part of women which sets aside her subjection to man is in
violation of the 'Law,' the will of God as expressed in cTeation and stated
in His Word. An act of such a nature would be the speaking of womell
in the public services either in a tongue or a prophecy." (P.627.) The
mention of the "third heaven" in 2 Cor. 12,2 is thus commented on: "The
first heayen is that of the clouds, the second that of the faT firmament of
the sky and the stars, the third is the actual abode of God, of the angels,
392 Book Review. - 52itetatut.
and of departed saints in glory." (P. 1333.) In a few instances I prefer
a different interpretation. While I agree that in 1 Cor. 3, 13 "the day"
refers to Judgment Day, "gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, stubble,"
of v. 12 seem to me, according to the context, not to refer to the teachings
uttered by Christian pastors, but to their activities in general. Likewise
with respect to 1 Cor. 12, 10, it seems to me that the better interpretation
of the term "divers kinds of tongues" is ecstatic speech and not foreign
tongues which the speaker has never learned. But is absolute uniformity
of an exegete's views with our own in respect to every little exegetical
detail to be the criterion which decides acceptance or rejection of his com-
mentary? If that were the case, I am afraid the reader could mention but
few commentaries which would escape being put on his black list. From
such lengths of fanaticism may the Lord graciously preserve us! The little
snatches of interpretation submitted cannot, and are not intended to, give
an adequate idea of the thoroughness with which exegetical difficulties are
discussed in this work; they will, however, confirm the impression which
my remarks, I hope, have created, that here we have a commentary which
is scholarly, conservative, and doctrinally reliable. The presentation
throughout is clear, vigorous, and stimulating. Hence the book can be
warmly recommended. W. ARNDT.
Qlegenl11ntt~ftngen in ber neuteitnntentlidjen jffiiffenfdjnft. 1. ~(,I;fus ag
stiimpfet. 2. lUlat ~(,I;fus ~ube 1 3. II(rtgemiiiles ~ljtiftentum. mon
~ 0 lj ann e s 52 e i p 0 ( b t. II(. :s:leief)ettfd)e metlagsbuef)ljanbfung, 52eipaig.
1935. 133 15eiten 6X9. IllteiS: RM.3.80.
lUlenn mit auef) bie 15teUung BUt 15ef)tift bermetfen, bie buref) bes merfaffets
lI(usftiljrungen ljinbutd,jef)immett, unb menn auef) feine lUlcije, bon ~(,I;iu au teben,
bie @ottfjeit bes &'deHanbes nief)t gentigenb veaef)tet, fo geben mit bo.ef)' geru BU,
bail man biefaus bief et mtof ef)tite reruen fann. :s:lanfbat nimmt bet 52ef er im
etften lI(uff at bie {luf ammenfteUung beff en im 'J1euen :teftament, mas uns ben
&'d(,l;rru ~Cffum im stampf g·egen feine i\'einbe 3e1gt, entgegen. II(vet menn 52eipofbt
mcint, in bel' 15ef)ilbetung bei smattljiius im metgfeief) mit bet bes smatfus cine
gemiffe {lurtidl)aftung oU finben (15. 11), fo mag bas mol)f an biefen 15teUen au~
treffen, meH eben SJJlatfus anfef)aufief)et et3iil)ft aIS smattl)iius jaber es ift nief)t
3U tiberfel)en, bail aum meifpief bas nieberfd)metterube lUlef)efapitef fief) getabe bei
smattl)iius finbet (smattl). 23). ~n bem lI(uffat tibet hie i\'rage "lUlat ~(,I;fus
~ube 1" meint 52eipofbt, aus ben lUlorten ~(,I;ju smart 12, 35. 36 ben 15ef)fuil 3iel)en
au mtiffen, ~(,I;jus fel)ne bie mOtfteUung ab, bail bet lJRefjias bon :s:labib aVBu,
ftammen l)abe (@3. 18). lUlefef) cine ganB unbeteef)t1gte i\'ofgetung! &'diet finb aUetlei
(,I;riitterung.en eingef(oef)ten, bie iiuilerft intetefiant finb, mie bie reHgionsgefd)ief)t,
Iief)en metraef)tungen tibet ben 15onnenfef)itm, bas stuftbifb unb Me :temper. lI(uf
bie bon il)m gefteUte i\'tage antmottet bet metfaffet, bail ~(,I;fus fomof)f tibet bas
~ubentum mie auef) tibet bas @tieef)entum f)inausgefje (15. 63). ~ft in bem britten
lI(uffat, ber bonattgemiiilem ~l)riftentum ljanbeft, bie mef)auptung rief)tig: ,,(,I;benjo
mtiffen unfere smiffionare im ftemben 52anbe ein ~l)tiftentum betfiinben, bas bort
artgemiiil if til (15. 68) 1 :s:la ift bod) ber Unterjcf)ieb amifef)en ~nl)aft unb i\'orm
bermifd)t. 150 entf)iift bas muef) bier i\'effefnbes, 'J1eues unb II(n3ief)enbes, aver
aud) mand)~s, bem mit unjere miUigung berjagen mtiffen. :s:laslUlerf fef)fieilt
mit cinem "lI(usbHd" vettteften stapUef, morin bbUSttimfief)e II(rt in ben berfd)ie,
benen {lmeigen ber d)tiftHd)en stiref)e fUr, erottert mitb. lUl. II( t n b t.
Book Review. - 5.JUer.atut. 393
The· Greatest Thing in the World. By Henry Dr·ummond. The· Gospel
Trumpet Co., Anderson, Ind. 72 pages, 4X6. PricH, 50 ets.
Henry Drummond, a Scotch goologist and religious "'Titer, professor
of Natural SeiHncH in the Free Ohurch College, Glasgow, died March 11,
189'7, who, like his rich banker father of the same' name, was an a.rdent
adherent of Irvingianism, is still widely known by his, two little books:
The Nu-tuml Lu-w in, the SpiritUrLl World (1883), an attempt to a.pply
in a. modified way thH evolutionistic principles of Danvinism to' the sphere
of the spiritual life, ancl: 'l'he Gnu-test Thing in the World (1890),. an
exposition and application of Paul's wonderful anthHm of lo·ve, 1 Co'1'. 13.
Of the two, the latter is thH more suitable fm Christian rre.ders in general.
Strictly spHaking, it is not really exegetical, but rather illustrative and
applicatory. Its attractive style and profound, sparkling thoughts have
ma.de it a. litera.ry favmite in Christian circles ever since, its appearance.
Not always does it me·asurH up to orthodoxy. Inaccuracies' a,bound, as do
also ambiguities. Obviously the author did not possess, a, clen.r idea, of
the basic distinction between La,w and Gospel, justifica,tion and sanctifi-
cation. His illustrations a.t times a,re misleading. "Remain side by side
with Him who loved us," he says· (p. 50), "and you will bHcome, a, per·
manent magnet." The author should ha,vo explained what it means to
remain side by side with Jesus; as it is, both the Fundamentalist and the
Modernist will S9,y amen to the statement, though each in a different
meaning. The sweet passagH Jolm 3, 16 he! explains in this sense: "Who-
soever Zoveth Him shall lla,ve everlasting life_" You ma.y say this, pro-
vided you explain faith correctly and the, relation between faith and love
(p. 63'). To ask "Who is Christ 1" and then to answer: "He who, fed
thH hungry," etc., is not a, distinctively Ghristian charactHrization of the
divine-human Christ, who died for the sins of the: world as His primary
work on earth. To propound the questiDn, "Whe're is Christ?" and then
simply to· re·ply: "WhDSO shall receive a, little child in My namH," etc.,
certainly does not treat tha.t important query adequa,tely (p. 72). In spite
of its faults Drummond's The GTeate.~t Thing in the WoTld has become
a quasi-class.ic in the religious lite'rature of England and America, so that
it ought to be read (though not implicitly accepted) by Christian min-
isters. J. T. MUELLER.
The Cross of Christ. By James H. Todd. The Bible Institute Colportage
As,s{)ciation, ChicagO'. 128 pages, 4% X 6%. Price, 20 ctE!.
A ba.d spot on an apple may not spoil that Hntire apple, but it will
certainly ma.r its beauty and its usooulness. Even SO' with a, book. The
little book under review has such bad s.pots. ThH author says, page 99':
"If one is: to use Scripture accurately, he must admit that redemption is
not by the dHath of Christ, but by His blood; fDr tha,t is its me'aning
in the New Testament (Eph. 1,.7; 1 Pet. 1, 18. 19'; Rom. 3, 24. 2S)." The
Scripture uses both expressions in spHaking of our redemption by the blood
of Christ and by the dea.th of Cl1rist. We read Rom. 5, 10 that "we were'
reconciled to God by the death of His Son."
On page 61 Mr. Todd says: "Notice has been taken Df the different
passages where Christ is said to have died for others" and it has been shown
that the word 'for' signifies 'on behalf of! In Matt. 20', 28 and Ma.rk 10, 45,
394 Book Review. - ~iteratur.
where His coming 'to give his life a, ransom for many' are' the words used,
the word 'fO'r' means 'instead O'f'; for it is the Greek word anti. In 1 Tim.
2,6 there is almost the very same expression; only instead of the word
'many' it is 'all'; and the word 'for' is, not 'anti,' but 'uper,' on bchaU of;
so the perfect accura,cy o,f the Scriptures is e,vident. He gave, Hilllself to
provide, a ransom 'on behalf of aU,' but it was 'instead of' the many, not
O'f aU; for aU do not accept the sacrifice. Christ the'refore' was' a Sub-
stitute for all whO' believe' on Him as their Savior. It was when He hung
on the cross that He became the Substitute and not during His, life."
Evidently Mr. Todd, in accordance with Calvinistic teaching, is denying
that Christ died instead a,f all; he denies universal gra,ce. This he, tries
to' defend by sa,ying that twO' different Greek prepO'sitians are used MaH.
20', 2,8, and 1 Tim. 2, 6. He says that the Greek pre'pasitiO'n aV,);L means
instead of and lm;EQ means merely in, behalf of. Says Robertson: "All
three prepO'sitions, U3tEQ, aV,);L, 3tQo, yield themselves na,turally to' the idea
of substitution where the cO'nnection calls for it." (A Short (l1-ammar of
the Greek New Testament, p. 124. ) Thayer, in his G1·eek Lexicon, says
that U3tEQ with the' genitive mlLy mean in place nf, instead of. Be'sides,
there are many, many Bible-passages which prove that Christ died as the
Substitute of all sinners, Rom. 5, 18; John 1,29; 2 Pet. 2, 1.
In reference to' the, Lord's Supper Mr. Todd teaches tIle Reformed doc-
trine, which denies the real presenc8' of Christ's body and blood in the
Sacrament. He sa,ys: "The bread and the· wine are, simply memorials of
the body and blaod of Christ. Believers dO' nat come, to' the Lord's Table
to' feed on Ghrist, but to' take the' emblems provided in memory o·f Him and
of His death fo'1' them, recognizing that the,y ha,ve already eternal life by
faith 'in Him as Sa,vior and Lord."
It is very regrettable that Christians who in all sincerity mean to
teach the truth will not abide by the plain words and the plain teachingE
af Scripture. Universal grace, for ins,tance, is taught thrO'ughout the
Scriptures in such unmistakable W'01"ds that anyone whO' takes the, Bible,
as it reads mus,t accept this, doctrine, o·f universal grace. Yet Calvinists
persistently and stubbornly deny it and the,reby rob the sinner O'f the
positive, assurance of his, salvation. According to' Ca,lvinistic doctrine
many canno,t be sa,ved because they ha,ve nO' Savio'r. If ther€' is nO' universal
grace, what real assuring cO'mfOirt can a pastor nf the' Calvinistic type' give
to' a, dying sinner? J. H. 0'. FRITZ.
The Beloved Physician of Teheran. The Miracle of the Conversion of
Dr. Sa'eed, Khan, Kurdistani, Lokman-il-Mulk. By Isaac Malek
Yonan, sometime professor at Urmia COillege, Persia. Cokesbury
Press, Nashville, Tenn. 117 pages, 5% X 8. Price, $1.00. Order
through Concordia Publishing House, St. Louis, Mo.
That the mission spirit is not dead in our Ameri.can Christians is
proved by the numerous mission books which are put on the market in
our country in ever greater number, and much more sO' by the fact that
they sell. Yonan's The Beloved Physician of Teheran, we are sure, will
find many interested readers. The author, a native-born Persian, by his
own claim a descendant of the old Assyrian race, which was largely con-
verted to the Christian (Nestorian) faith at an early time O'f the Chris-
Book Review. - mtetatut. 395
tian Church, tells of the conversion and the successful missionary work of
a converted Kurd, formerly a bigoted Mohammedan, but after his con-
version a humble, devout Christian medical missionary, whose proficiency
in medical science enabled him at last to serve even kings and princes.
But always he is true to the real mission of his life - the testimony of
Jesus, in whom he has found the divine Savior. The difficulties which are
encountered in connection with mission-work among the Mohammedans are
graphically described in the book and still more so the numerous trials
which those must endure who abjure Mohammedanism and espouse the
Christian faith. J. T. MUELLER.
Ralph Norton and the Belgian Gospel Mission. By Edith l!'. Norton.
Introduction by Oh. G. Trumbull, editor of the SunMy-8choo~ Times.
Fleming H.Revell Company, New York. 253 pages, 7:!hX5. Price,
$2.00. Order through Concordia Publishing House, St. Louis, Mo.
The story of Ralph Norton is told in a fascinating manner in these
pages, the biography being woven around the founding and development
of the Belgian Gospel Mission, now known the world over. Started in 1918,
in the mist of Roman Catholicism, by Mr. and Mrs. Norton, the mission
to-day maintains 66 posts of evangelization, distributed over nine provinces
of Belgium. Two Bible schools are maintained, providing a two-year course
in practical Bible-training and a third year of practical work. Summer
campaigns are conducted with two Gospel tents and two Gospel cars;
also open· air meetings are held in public places, together with an intensive
distribution of Gospel literature. The work is delightfully prepared in
attractive literary style. W. G. POLACK.
The, Highway to Happiness. Twenty-five sermons by Archibald Alex-
ander Little, D. D. Zondervan Publishing House<, Grand Rapids,
Mich. 204 pages, 5:!hX7%,. Price, $1.25.
The tenor of these' sermons can be< soon from the following quota,tions:
"There' can be no doubt of wha,t Judel meant by thel phrase - 'The Faith.'
It was tha,t body of teaching begun in E'den, expressed by Moses and the
prophets, confirmed and illumined by Jesus in His lifH and death, preached
by the apostles and accepted by the Church as its: final cree