Full Text for CTM Book Review 6-9 (Text)

oet metfaffer jtel) au beiel)eioen tveif> unb tvieoer~oU tvatnenb oen i}'inger aUf ben !muno Iegt. "Dafl Die @Je1e~tten, bie in oer ga~l 666 Den %ite! uno 91amen ,,~aifet 91eto" finben, l)iet abfolut bas ffiid)tige gettoffen ~aoen, ift cine ~nnal)me, bie et mit einem gtoten i}'tageaeiel)en berjielJt.!!Biif;rcnD et Die aUe C£dliitung bet jteben ,\l'onige, Offenb. 17, 9 f., bie 9iet einen &,~intJ)eis aUf jteben !!Beftteid)c finbet, abIe~nt, tritt et ebenfo beftimmt gegen Die ~uffaffung ein, baf> lJiet Die tiimifdjen ~aifet bon ~uguftus bis $Domitian gemeint feien. l5eine eigene C£t~ f!iirung, bie bem ~~ofte{ l)iet eine irtige ~nfdjauung tibet bie galJl bet rBmifdjen ~aifet aUf djreibt, ift alferbings nodj bie! tveniget lJaltbar ag bie bon il)m beo fiim~ften %lJeotien. %refflidj ift feine ~nmctfung BU Offenb. 20, 4: "C£§ ift nidjt bcr bon ffiaum unb geit nalJe3u gelBfte, alfet lictedjnenben 91cugict Un3Ugiinglidje d)tiftlidje @:lJmasmu~ bet ~~ofal~Ne, fonbetn am l5innlid)en lJaftenbet itibifd)cr @:ljUiasmus, bet burdj bie ~alJrljunbette ~in nidjt aufge~Brt ~at, @:lJtiften unb 91idjtdjtiften, l5eftimrn unb I5djtviitmern roie nodj ben ,\l'iim~fetn fUt ~a3ifismug obet ~ommuniSmus alS £e~te bom staufeuoiiilJtigen ffieid) bas tttigetifd)e %raum~ bUb cines geita!tet~ boUenbe±ct @J!iidfefigfeit aUf (;!tben ein3ugeben. ~olJanne~ bfeibt audj in bet mifion bom %aufenoiii~tigen ffieidj bet l5ee1jotger, bet ben ilJm anbertrauten @Jemeinben angejtdjg bes %obe~ bie @JetvifllJeit eroigen £ebenll geben tvm, unb bet q:lto~ljet, bet bie S'deifSgcfcf)icf)te aIS gilttfirf)c IIDirUidjfcit, bie bas ilJt geftedte l)ettHclje giel etteidjt, betfiinDigen mUf>." (15. 103.) $Die "erlte ~ufet~ fte~ung" tvitb fteHidj betfeljtt gebeutet alS bie ,,~uferftelJung beil £eben~", ~olJ. 5, 29. ~n ber C£inleitung f~ridjt bet metfaffet biefe oelJeqigeniltverte !!Bamung aus: ,,$Die Offenbamng bell ~olJannes ift feine S'dimmelSulJt, bon btten geigem bet fromme iBe±tlldjter bU alfen geHen ben @Jang bet @efdjidjte butd) bie ~alJt~ taufenbe able fen lBnnte, rein ~to~lJetifdjel' ~lirifl Der @efdjidjte bet !!Be!t, bet ~irclje ober bell ffieidjes @Jottell aUf (;!rben." (15. 3.) $Dodj fiinnen tvlr iljm in bem gleidj folgenben l5at nidjt uneingefcf)tiinften iBeifaU geoen: ,,~lfe (;!tUiitung bet m~ofaI~~fe aUf bet lBalJn bet tve!tgefdjidjUidjen ooer fitdjengefdjidjtHdjen ober teidjsgefdjid)tfidjen Illuslegungsroeife ge~t fe~l, betliert fid) in !!Baf)tfagung unb !!BilHtir." $Daraus, bat roit nidjt im botllus bie $Deutung ciner geroiffen !!Beis~ fagung angeben fiinnen, geljt bodj' gemit nodj nidjt Ijetbot, bafl fie nidjt aUf ein i}'aUum in bet ~irdjengefdjidjte lJinroeift, blls roir im £aufe ber geit fennenletnen tvetben. @Jam befonbed bebauett ell bet gliiubige iBibellefet, Dafl bie I5telfung bes merfafiers aur I5djtift nicl)t cine fefte ift; (iif>t et Dodj bas iBudj $Daniel in bet geU 168-164 bot @:lJdfto entftanben fein. (15.2.) %tefflidj ift tibtigens 15.5 bie metteibigung ber aHen firdj!idjen ftberliefemng, bail bet merfaffer bes iBudjes 714 Book Review. - mteratttt. ber ~j.loftc1 :Jo!)anneg ift. ~ud) bag bietie ~bange1ium fd)rcilit er, inbem er auf bem lBoben vefonnener tyorfd)Ullll bleibt, biefem ~j.loftd BU. 5l)er lctte 6at ber (Hnleitung faut aUe!l, roie foIgt, Bufnmmell: ,,5l)enn aull bet OffenvarunIJ lj.lridjt, nidjt minbet veftimmt loie aus Dfm ~bangclium, cin e1113elner, Uverragenbcr lInb felbftiinbilJer @.Idf!, ber Iette moUenber bes @.Ilauvensacugniffes ber Urdjriftcn~ !)eH, fUr Dfn es fcinen allbern gtnuo!)aften 91nmen gllit crIll ben bell ~j.lofteg :;So\lallnes./I !ill. ~ r n D !. Child's Life of Jesus. By Potzge'i" and Mel·tz. Standard Publishing Com- pany. 112 pages, 5%,X7%. Price, 35 cts. Order from Concordia Publishing House, St. Louis, Mo. The compilers of these stories and the authors of the objective tests and exercises, which are the chief feature of the book, are J. E. Potzger, professor in Butler University, and H. A. Mertz, parish-school teacher ill Evansville, Ind. Both men have had years of experience and of special training for this particular kind of work. The eighteen stories are told in simple language, which the authors kept as close as possible to that of the Authorized Version. The hook was designed chiefly for the following uses: vacation Bible-schools and Saturday-schools; supplementary work in Sunday-schools; lower middle grades of parish-schools; gift-book, es- pecially for Christmas; instruction in the homes of children who do not attend our Lutheran parish-schools. A careful examination of the book indicates that these purposes may well be achieved. The excellent line- drawings may be used for coloring. The new-type tests introduced by the authors are especially valuable and will repay careful study and use on the part of all teachers concerned. Altogether, this book is recommended to our pastors everywhere. P. E. KRETZ MANN. Religion and Revolution. By Ado~t Keller, D. D., LL. D. Fleming H. Revell Co. 188 pages, 5lj2X8%,. Price, $2.00. The author offers four lectures given by him in 1933, at Princeton Theologieal Seminary, for the purpose of interpreting European religious life, especially that of the German-speaking people, to the people of Amer- ica. His endeavor is to give to his readers a clear understanding of the principles underlying the conflicting religious movements such as Bal'- thianism, Modernism, Aryanism, the "Faith Movement" of the Germall Christians, etc. In reading the book, one receives a conception of the seriousness of the religious conflict still going on in Germany and Switzer- land, and one is moved to pray to God that He send out His light and His truth to lead man to the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ. The author himself is not a reliable leader in this struggle between the forces of light and of darkness. In his opinion "all the reformers, Luther as well as Zwingli and Calvin, are in full agree- ment in their belief in the sovereignty of God's grace. In this respect, there is no difference between the Bola gratia of Luther, and the soli Deo g~ol'ia of Calvin." P.27. There is a world of difference between Luther's conception of grace and that of the Reformed Church. Luther teaches universal grace, while Calvin's grace is a limited grace. Luther teaches a saving grace which operates only by means of the Gospel, while Zwingli, the enthusiast, teaches saving grace independent of the Word. There is, Book Review. - 2Uerniur. 715 therefore, an essential difference between Luther's conception of grace and that of Calvin and Zwingli. And this is a difference of supreme importance. The only saving grace that has reality is that universal grace operative in and by the Gospel, which Luther teaches on the basis of Scripture. There is no such saving grace as the limited grace of Calvin, or grace independent of the Gospel, as taught by Zwingli. These concep- tions of grace are figments of human reason, without actuality, and will lead man either into false security or into despair. Hence it is a statement unwarranted by facts when we are told that "the two reformers [Luther and Zwingli] were nearer together in the essentials than they themselves knew." P.54. The following paragraphs on the theology of Barth will interest our readers. "As against all theology of the religious consciousness, or of ethical or myiltical experience, or of philosophical reflection and speculation, Karl Barth's is a theology of the Word. "What is God's Word? It has a threefold meaning. It is, first, the Word as preached. As such, it has an imperative character. God's Word is not simply a communication or an objective statement, but a positive command which does not permit man to assume the attitude of a spec- tator or to enjoy mere disinterested research. It is a motive which is not given as a datum of consciousness or of any human experience whatsoever. It is not subject to our power, but is effective whenever, wherever, and however it wills. Even preachers of the Word are only receivers. In so far as they receive it, it becomes an object for their vision and experience . . . . God's Word in human speech, therefore, is not a given article of knowledge, not a self-sustaining truth nor an independent judgment. It is spoken, however, whenever Christ makes His entrance into the human situation, that is, specifically, in all the historical and individual acts in which the world has been, and still is, confronted by the presence of the living Christ. Karl Barth would be willing to accept a doctrine of apos- tolic succession, whereby Christ is conceived as being present in His human vicars, provided that the succession humbly and obediently represented Christ and did not replace His authority by an authority of its own, as happens in the Roman Catholic Church. "The second form of God's Word is the written Word, the Holy Scrip- ture. This is God's Word in that it is a memory of a past revelation of God and an expectation of future revelation. The Church possesses a written Word, a canon of Holy Scripture, but the autonomy and in- dependence of the Word of God in relationship to the Church is not thereby jeopardized. God's Word remains a free power and a living revelation of what God has done and will do. This prevents the Church from identify- ing itself, its experiences, and its tradition, with God's Word. It for- bids the Church from claiming to be herself the Word of God, or from speaking with the authority of God. It keeps her in the position of one W}IO is addressed by an external and superior authority. . .. When we call the Bible tIle ':Vord of God, we are not referring to the human inter- pretation of God's Word, hut only to the act of faith by which we be- lieve in the God who speaks in the Bible wherever, whenever, and through whatever words He will. 716 Book Review. - £iteratur. "The third form is the Word as revealed. Revelation is the prior and fundamental act; the Bible is its witness. The latter should not be identified with revelation, therefore. The Bible points towards revela- tion, and revelation always happens in and through the Word of God in the written Bible; but the Bible itself should not be identified with revelation. "In this theology the 'Vord of God is understood as the fundamental, dynamic, and ever-present element to which we have to listen in an atti- tude of obedience before we can assimilate it in our human experience or knowledge, or explain it by human comment. This conception is as much opposed to a humanistic and modernistic interpretation which treats the Bible as an assemblage of mere historical and psychological facts as it is to that conservative conception which trcats it as a datum, a static entity which can be classified by the human mind." From this description of Barth's theology it will be evident to all our readers that Barth's theology is not Scriptural theology, no matter how frequently he insists that it is a theology of the Word. Aceording to this definition of Barth's theology the Word, or revelation, of God and Scrip- ture are two altogether different matters. True, God's "revelation always happens in and through the Word of God in the Bible." But, on the one hand, not the entire Bible is the Word and revelation of God. It "should not be identified with revelation," we are told twice. God speaks in the Bible "wherever, whenever, and through whatever word He will." On the other hand, revelation, God's Word, is not confined to the Bible. The first form of Goit's Word is "the Word as preached," spoken "whenever Christ makes His entrance into the human situation"; hence it is utterly in- dependent of Scripture. Such theology is not a theology of the Word; it is not Scriptural, not Lutheran theology; it is rather the theology of reason, of subjectivism, which refuses to submit to Scripture as the sole and suffi- cient authority on all matters theological. Such theology cannot establish the heart nor engender that faith which overcomes the world. THEO. LAETSCH. The Justification of the Sinner before God 0Ill the Basis of Holy Scripture. Presented by Dr. Ed. Preuss, professor at Concordia Col- lege, St. Louis, Mo. Second edition. Translated by the Rev. Julius A. Friedrich, Iowa City, Iowa; published in the Theological Monthly, 1928-29; used by the kind permission of the Rev. J. A. Friedrich and of Concordia Publishing House, St. Louis, Mo.; mimeographed and published in a bilingual edition by F. Allermann, o. ,'. m., 1335 Ardmore Ave., Chicago, Ill., April, 1934. 202 double pages, plus the index, 6 X 9. Price, $2.00. Order from Concordia Publishing House, St. Louis, Mo. The title-page gives most of the information needed to form an idea of the nature of this book. After Dr. Walther in 1869, reviewing Preuss's Rechtfertigung in Lehre und Wehre, has written: "This work constitutes without a doubt the most excellent discussion of justification that has been written in our century. In masterly fashion it presents the kernel of Biblico-Lutheran theology and on every page gives evidence that its author is a true, experienced Christian, who has been trained in the school of spiritual tribulation," it would be as superfluous as carrying coal to Book Review. - 2Uetatut. 717 Newcastle to indulge in laudatory statements about the work. But did not Preuss become a Roman Catholic several years after this book had appeared? Yes; he did. Those who wish to read of this sad episode will find an article in the Lutheraner, Vol. 28, in which details are given. His unfaithfulness, however, does not detract from the brilliancy and the Scrip- turalness of his presentation; nor does it show that at the time when he wrote this classic he was not "a true, experienced Christian, trained in the school of spiritual tribulation." The later follies of Solomon do not in the least demonstrate that he was not a "holy man of God" (2 Pet. 1,21) when he wrote the canonical books bearing his name. In justice to Dr. Walther it ought to be added here that in the Lutheraner article alluded to above in which he speaks of the defection of Dr. Preuss he stated that for some time he had been troubled by doubt whether Dr. Preuss was really a true Christian. He mentions there that he had felt "den hoechst peinlichen Zweifel, ob Dr. Preuss, was er bekenne una so furices verteidige, auoh selbst von Herzen glaube oder ob nioht sein ganzer 80genannter Glaube nur eine aas Herz leer, kalt una unveraendert lassende Sache 80ines Ver- standes sei." He adds: "Es ist aies, wie gesagt, nicht erst nach Preuss' Abfall unser Urteil." It was not an easy task to translate Preuss into good, fluent English, because his German, although simple, is truly idiomatic and manifests all the graces of a cultured style. Pastor Friedrich's translation, being not only accurate, but smooth and pleasing, represents a very creditable piece of work, as was acknowledged within and outside our Synod. In making not only this translation, but the German original as well, which is no longer purchasable except at second hand, accessible to our people, Mr.Aller- mann has rendered our Church a real service. Let us hope that many will avail themselves of this opportunity of becoming the possessors of a great Lutheran classic. Perhaps one or the other brother will think that the price is rather high. In reply may I point to my own experience. In the early days of our Synod, it seems, nearly every minister and teacher owned the book; this was true also of my sainted father. But having loaned the work to a friend, he never saw it again, and I had to begin my ministerial career without it. I felt that I should own the famous work and after a number of years bought it from the heirs of an old pastor for two dol- lars. Now, here both the original German and the English version are offered for that price. Besides, the binding is good and the mimeographing at least satisfactory. In urging that this beautiful treatise be purchased and studied, we conclude our remarks with the final paragraph of the book, which may at the same time serve to illustrate the style of Preuss: "Let us, then, thank God daily for this greatest of all His benefits, that He hath delivered us from the power of darkness and hath translated us into the kingdom of His dear Son, in whom we have redemption through His blood, even the forgiveness of sins. With it our Physician covers our festering wounds as with a plaster, and under it they heal from day to day, till our flesh is at last put to death and buried with all its filth. For one is de- livered from the body of this death in no other way than by the death of this body. That is the gate which leads to glory, where we shall behold the face of God in righteousness, where there will be no more forgiveness, because there will be no more sin." W. ARNDT. 718 Book Review. - 53iteratur. Bible History References. Vol. II. New Testament. By lJ. Ruppreoht. Concordia Publishing House, St. Louis, Mo. 624 pages, 5%X7%,. Price, $2.75. In the May issue of this periodical, p. 398, we had the pleasure of re- viewing Pastor Rupprecht's Old Testament Bible History References. The reviewer can only repeat what was stated there on the merit of the book. Like its companion vol ume the above-named book is indeed multum in parvo. We do not know of anyone reference book that gives so much and withal so reliable information of value to pastors and teachers for their work of thoroughly indoctrinating their flock. The number of pages has been in- creased from 477 to 624, the illustrations from 34 to 78. The purchase price of this book constitutes a good investment. THEO. LAETscH. An Introduction to the Art of Speech. By Dwight Everett Watkins, A. M., Associate Professor of Public Speaking, University of Cali- fornia. W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., New York. XI and 452 pages, 5%X8. Price, $2.75. While there is no lack of books dealing with the theory and practise of public speech, elocution, oratory, the spoken word, vocal expression, and extemporaneous speech, this volume of Mr. Watkins is nevertheless a val- uable addition to all that has gone be~ore. In the first place, he emphasizes the fact that breathing, voice production, quality, force, pitch, and time are all interrelated parts of a whole. It is true, a volume on this subject of 450 pages will necessarily contain much that is contained also in other publications of this class. But the author of this treatise has exploited all that telephone engineers have discovered concerning sounds, tones, and nature of voices. More also than other authors he calls attention to the temperament effects upon vocal quality. On page 86 he writes: "The whole nervous system is yoked together, and the tone of every muscle is affected by elation or depression. .An individual's vocal quality is therefore the result of all the hereditary influences at work and of all the environ- mental forces that have played upon him since birth." He also states: "It is not too much to say that an individual's religion will greatly affect vocal quality." The diagrammatic representations of the larynx, vocal cords, lungs, and other organs entering into the speech production are excellent. His chapter upon vocal force and acoustics, outdoor speaking, and speaking in large and small halls contains many helpful suggestions. We notice also that the examples chosen to illustrate one or the other qualities of speech are well chosen. We do not entirely agree with what he says in the postscript to his first part, where he speaks upon emphasis. He writes: "Some may miss at this point a separate chapter upon emphasis. The reason why such a chapter is omitted is because emphasis is not a separate speech element. It is a result of all the elements combined, and it is so intimately wrapped up with the thought and emotional processes that any mechanical rules concerning it are more likely to lead the learner astray than to help him in the true revelation of his meaning. The whole problem must be attacked at the root, namely, the response of the in- dividual to the situation. If the response is good, the emphasis will be also." While it is true that the problem of emphasis must be attacked at the root, that the response of the speaker's spirit to the sentiment which Book Review. - .\litetdtUt. 719 lle is to express must be fitting, yet a book on speech production dare not fail to point out the different methods by which emphasis is attained. It is by the method of varying emphasis of one kind and the other, either in the matter or in the manner, that the attention of the hearer is procured .and retained. Altogether this is an excellent book for those who serve their fellow-man by way of speech; but it still remains true that the mere reading or study of such a book, even though it be accompanied with 'earnest thought upon all its statements, will not in itself make a good speaker. Good speaking is a combination of natural gift and diligent application and practise. It is a peculiar excellency of this volume that it gives intelligent information concerning the activity of speaking in public and abundant exercises by which each may reach that degree of proficiency to which conscientious and rational training of his original .gifts can advance him. MARTIN S. SOMMER. Guiding the Experience of Worship. By Marie Oole Powell. Printed for the Leadership Training Publishing Association by the Methodist Book Concern. 263 pages, 414X6%. Price, $1.10. The reviewer took up this book with great expectations, since it seemed to promise information that is sorely needed in many churches. The table of contents looked especially inviting, since it offered topics such as the following: "What Is Worship? Aids to Worship. Planning the Worship Program of the Church. The Service of Worship. Materials of Worship. Music in Worship. Preparation for Worship." There are individual para- ,graphs in the book which contain certain useful suggestions and can be utilized to good advantage. But much of the book shows a modernistic .attitude in sentimentalizing. The basw features of worship, as set forth in John 4, 24 and elsewhere, are not brought out. The entire book is spoiled by statements like the following: "In our hymns we speak to God ,and then to Jesus, as though He were identical with God, sometimes in the same hymn. [See John 11, 30.] This inaccuracy of thinking makes God less real. [What about John 14, 6-9?] The child should be taught to ·offer his prayers to God and not to Jesus. The simple, straightforward stDry of Jesus should suggest to him that he, too, is God's child just as Jesus was" [without showing the difference between essential sonship and that by adoption!]. As a real guide to worship on the basis of the Word of God the book is a total failure. P. E. KRETZ MANN. Training the Adolescent. By Raphael O. MoOarthy, 8. J., M. A., Ph. D. The Bruce Publishing Co., Milwaukee. 1934. 298 pages, 5%XS%. Price, $2.00. Rudiments of Sociology. By Fl. J. Ross. The Bruce Publishing Co., Mil- waukee, Wis. 303 pages, 5%XS. Price, $2.00. For the first of these two books we are especially grateful, although the author's Roman Catholic viewpoint is sometimes obtrusive, occasion- ally to the point of actual disturbance. But, after all, these passages are so couspicuous that the skilful reader will easily avoid them or, in popular parlance, skip them. They are directed chiefly against the Scrip- tural doctrine of original sin and against the doctrine of justification by faith alone. However, these features are found on only twelve pages in 720 Book Review. - 13itetntut. the entire book. As for the rest of the book, the presentation is for the most part so interesting and helpful that every worker with adolescents will derive a great deal of benefit from the study of the book. Of the twenty chapters of the monograph we found that on sensory changes during adolescence, that on training the adolescent's will, that on the re- ligious education of adolescents, and that on the mental health of ado- lescents especially valuable. A few sentences in a paragraph on "religious vocations" will, ceteris paribus, find their application also in our circles: "It is wrong to force a boy into the priesthood or a girl into a convent by creating in his or her mind the feeling that failure to lead a religious life will be a cause of grievous disappointment to a parent. . .. Mistakes of parents along this line have produced untold harm. A boy who is held in the seminary merely by the fear of hurting his father or mother should he leave it ought to withdraw from it as soon as possible. He has no real vocation to the priesthood, and the earlier he gives up his preparation for the priesthood, the better. If he continues on through the purely human motive of desiring to satisfy a parent's hope, he will be unhappy, almost inevitably, and it is highly probable that his services will be of slight value to the Church." (P. 243 f.) There are numerous other stimulating passages of this type throughout the book, which is altogether worth while for every pastor. - The second book is by the well-known sociologist of St. Louis University, who is also instructor at Maryville and Fontbonne colleges. There is a wealth of fine material in this primer of sociology, many sections of which are truly excellent. But the book is very strongly Roman Catholic and will therefore require a much more careful use by dis- criminating readers. P. E. KRETZMANN. G:ingegllngene Eitetafttt. 3citfdirift flir fIJftemlltifdie ;t~cJ)hJgie. ~etau~gegcfJen bon ~. 6 t CI n ge, ~. ~ 1 t ~ CI u Il, ~. ~ B Ii e t ! e I ®. .1lli e ~ tun g. mettelllmann, ®Uter!l(o~. 12. ~a~tgClng, 4. miette1ja~rll~eft. 150 6eiten. - ®. 1llie~tung: II.8Ut t~eologi, fd)en QJcgrUnbung bell 6taate~"j ~. ~Htgau~: 1ICS;~cf)atologlfcf)ell"j m. iJ'. ~uudo: lI:Ilic religiBle QJcbeutung bet altteftamentlicf)en ~falmen"j IEgr. ~fJlen: I/:Ilrr ®faube an [gtiftull aIS Mittefpunft ber St:~cologie." NOTICE TO OUR SUBSCRIBERS. In order to render satisfactory service, we must have our current mailing-list correct. The expense of maintaining this list has been materially increased. 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