----------------------------~ Q!nurnr~iu mqtnlngirul ilnut41y Continuing Lehre und Wehre (Vol. LXXVI) Magazin fuer Ev.-Luth. Homiletik (Vol. L1V) Theol. Quarterly (l897-1920)-Theol. Monthly (Vol. X) Vol. II March, 1931 No.3 CONTENTS Page ARNDT, W.: Erasmus' Angriff auf Luther im Jahre 1524 161 KRETZlVIANN, P. E.: Das Widerstreben des Menschen und unwiderstehliche Gnade................. . . . . .. . . . . .. . .. 170 DALLlVIANN, WlVI.: How Peter Became Pope... . . . . . . . . .. 177 MUELLER, J. T.: Concerning the Doctrine of Inspiration 190 KRETZ MANN, P. E.: Testimonials for the Lutheran Po- sition in Education.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 193 LAETSCH, TH.: Study on the Eisenach Epistle-lesson for the Third Sunday in Lent............................. 204 Dispositionen ueber die von der Synodalkonferenz ange- nommene Serie alttestamentlicher Texte ............... 210 Theological Observer. - Kirchlich-Zeitgeschichtliches. . . . .. 218 Book Review. - Literatur. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 232 Ein Prediger mnss nicht allein weiden, also dass er die Schafe unterwelse, wie sie rechte Christen sollen sein, Bondern auch daneben den Woelfen wehren, dass sie die Schafe nicht angreifen und mit falscher Lehre verfuehren und Irrtum ein- fnehren. - Luther. Es ist kein Ding, das die Lente mehr bei det Kirche behaelt denn die gute Predigt. - Apolouie, Art. 24. If the trumpet give an uncertain sound, who shall prepare himself to the battle? 1001'.14,8. Published for the Ev. Luth. Synod of lVIissouri, Ohio, and Other States CONCORDIA PUBLISHING HOUSE, St. Louis, lVIo. 218 Theological Observer. - ~itdjndj~8eitgef djidjtndjes. @l±reiter ~(ffu. mserclj eine (ffjrel ~uclj euclj roill ~(ffu§ lienu~en, eure Sl!riif±e, euren ~ugenbeifer, urn fein ffi:eiclj aU liauen: Wliffion§eifer, gute ~ede, gu±e§ Q3eifpieI, allerlei ~rlieit in unb filr bie ®erneinbe unb beren lBereine. (frIof± bon bern fcljiinbHcljen @lilnbenbienft, ber in Me ~jjlIe fiifjrt, fom ifjr in bern feIigen ~ienf± be§ ~eiranbe§ unb feiner Sl!irclje euer 2elien auliringen. ~a, einf± roill er euclj aUfnefjrnen in feinen fjerr~ Hcljen ~imrner. ®IiicfHclje Sl!inber I @lolItet ifjr nicljt gerne euer ;itauf~ geriilibe erneuern? rnit tyreuben ifjrn fjuIbigen? roillig en±f agen bern ;iteufef? bien en bern Ielienbigen ®ot±? ~a§ roirb ifjrn roofjIgefalIen. ~arauf roirb er feinen @legen regen. ~rolien roerbet ifjr erf± recljt jaucljaen, lB. 2. ;it. R 4 • ~ Theological Observer. - ~ifdjndj"geitgefdjidjtlidje~. 1. Jtml'rika. D. OJeurg i5ttltM. D. @5anbt, erft lmitarbeiter am Lutheran, fpiitet ber Sjauptrebafieur biefe§ offiaiellen engIifcljen ;Organ§ ber U. L. C., ift am 8. ~anuar im ~r±er bon beinafje fiebenunbfiebaig ~afjren geftorben. illiit entnefjmen bem ,,2u±fjetifcljen SjeroIb", bem offiaiellen beutfcljen ;Organ ber U. L. C., bie foIgenben ~ngaben. lnacljbem ber ~bgefcljiebene einige ~afjre im praftifcljen ~rebigiamt iiitig geroefen roar unb flinf ~afjre ag ~rofeffor ber engIifcljen @5praclje im fcljroebifcljen ~uguftana~0:oIIege ge~ bieni fja±ie, irai er 1896 in bie ffi:ebaftion be§ Luthe1'an ein, beffen .l)aup±~ rebafieur er 1917 rourbe. f!Begen gefcljroiicljier @efunbfjeit Iegie er bie§ ~mt bor aroei ~afjren nieber. SDer ,,2u±fjerifclje .l)eroIb" urieirt: ,,~n D. @5anbt berIieri bie S'rirclje cinen ireum unb ftanb~aften )8el'enner Des cljriftIicljen @Iaubens naclj Iuifjerifcljem fBefenn±nis." SDer Unieraeicljne±e fjat ben ~bgefcljiebenen perfonIiclj fennengeIern±. D. @5anb± roar ein freunb~ ficljer unb fiebensrolirbiger lmann im Umgang. '(fr gefjorie auclj neben D. @5cljmaucl' unb anbern au ber fonferbatiben ~ar±ei in ifjrer S'rircljen~ gemeinfcljaft. ~ber beibe fonnien gegen eine fiberaTe lmajoritii± niclji auf~ lommen. @5ie fjatten nicljt bie S'i'raft, roas fie ag reclj± erfanni fjatten, aur @er±ung au bringen. illias D. @5cljmaucl' bdriftt, fo erinnern roir baran, baB er au ben roenigen ~eorogen im General Council gefjorie, bie aUf bie allgemeine S'i'ranffjeit bes @5l)nergi0mu§ fjinroief en. (fr f agte in feinem Oonfessional Prinoiple (@5. 752) in beaug auf bie 2efjre bon ber fBefefjrung: "Man's will is able to decide for salvation through new powers bestowed by God: this is the subtle synergism which has in- fected nearly the whole of modern Evangelical Protestantism and which is, or has been, taught in institutions bearing the name of our [Lutheran] Church." f!Borauf @5cljmauct fjier iabefnb ben ~inger Ieg±, ift bon UM unb innerfjafb ber ganaen @5l)nobaIfonferena fo au§gebriidi: rootben: "illier Iefjrt, baB ber lmenfclj aroar burclj bie S'i'riifte ber @nabe befefjrt roerbe, aber burclj biefefben ficlj fefbft befefjre, ber mUB noiroenbig bem unbefefjrten natiirficljen lmenfcljen bie Sh:aft aufcljreiben, bie Sh:iifte ber @nabe [recljt] au gebraucljen." (2. u. illi. 1878, @5. 258 f.) @5cljmaucts UrieH ift ricljtig, roenn er fagt, baB fo etroas innerfjafb ber Iutfjerifcljen S'rirclje nicljt geIefjrt Theological Observer. - 5titd)nd).8eitgefd)id)md)e~. 219 roerben foUte. @5eine !marnung bor Diefer iSorm bes @5~nergismus roar audj nidjt bloB nadj aUBen, fonbern audj gegen tljeologifdje Eeljrer in ber eigenen 'wHtte gemein±. SDiefe merften audj bie Wbfidj±. Wber anftatt bie !marnung au Sjerilen au neljmen unb fidj fdjulbig au befennen, tabeIten fie @5djmaucf iiffentHdj ob ber Wnffage aUf "subtle synergism". @5ie roarfen iljm "unbebadjte mebetueife" bor. @5djmaucf roies audj auf bie @5 dj ii b ~ ! i dj f e i t bes "subtle synergism" ljin. @)r fagt: "This subtle synergistic spirit attacks the very foundation of Lutheranism, flows into almost every doctrine, and weakens the Church at every point. And it was practically this weakness which the great multitude of Melanchthon's scholars . . . absorbed and which rendered it difficult to return finally and after years of struggle to the solid ground once more recovered in the Formula of Concord." (lBente, American Lutheranism, II, 217.) Wber @5djmaucf geroann nidjt bie Sh:aft, gegen ben f~nergiftifdjen @5trom in ber eigenen lmUte au fdjtuimmen. @)r fligte fidj in Me @5adjlage unb iiffnete fogar Me @5l:JaIten bem in ber Lutheran Ohuroh Review fiar ausgel:Jragten @5~nergismus. @)s roar im allgemeinen bie !meife ber entfdjiebeneren Eutljeraner im General Council, in ber !8ereinigten @5~nobe bes @5frbens unb in ber ®eneralf~nobe, dnen @5djritt in ber redjten midjtung borroarts au tun, bann aber bor ber lmajorUat ilurfrcfauroeidjen. @50 mfrffen roir audj bas UrteH bes "Eutljerifdjen Sjerofb" frber D.@5anDt, baB biefer ein ftanbljafter lBefenner bes Eutljertums geroefen fei, leiber etroas einfdjranfen. !mir benfen an bie ®rfrnbung ber U. L. C. im ~aljre 1918. @5anbt roar gegen biefe !8ereinigung aTs berfrfrljt unb aUf unio~ niftifdjen ~eigungen beruljenb. @)r rooUte Tangere !8erljanbfungen, audj lBefl:Jredjungen frber bie Eeljre. Wber ars bie iiberroaltigenbe lmaioritat flir fofortige !8ereinigung roar, ffrgte fidj audj @5anDt "mit Wnftanb" (gra- ciously). Eaffen tuir ljierfrber @5anbt fe!bft beridjten. @)r fdjrieb: "When in the year 1916, at a meeting of representatives from the General Synod, General Council, and United Synod in the South, a motion was sprung upon the committee and adopted that steps should at once be taken to unite the three bodies, the announcement that such action had been taken created a profound sensation both within the three bodies them- selves and in other branches of the Lutheran Church. I recall how several leading members of that assembly were much exercised and per- plexed and endeavored to stem the tide toward what they regarded as a rather precipitate method of procedure. They tried hard to impress the enthusiasts for immediate union that association and cooperation among the three bodies which had so happily been inaugurated should be given a longer trial before the actual welding process should begin. But in vain. The tide of sentiment was against them, and the laymen determined that the hour had come when the pathway must be cleared for union. When the more conservative members realized that the die was cast, they graciously accepted the situation and set their faces toward the task before them. Outside of that committee there were not a few doubting Thomases who shook their heads and feared that the present-day popular sentiment for union on any sort of flimsy basis would thrust into the background principles of faith and practise which the Lutheran Church, if she meant to be true to her best self, can never afford to surrender. The writer was one of the doubting Thomases. The 220 Theological Observer. - ~itdjndj~.8eitgefdjid)tHdjes. unionistic spirit of the age which decries creeds and exalts sentimenta~ fellowship [bon un§ ljerborgeljoben] was too much in evidence on all sides to cause him to look with favor on any movement that might bear the impress of that spirit. Many were the doubts and misgivings of men of light and leadership within the General Council and outside of it, that much might be sacrificed in the realm of faith and life and practise by a hasty union where sentiment might override conviction." CBitiert in 2. u. lm. 1928, @? 322 f.) @?eitbem ljat ber UnioniSmu§ in ber U. L. C. noclj roeitere iYortfcljritte gemacljt. lmiiljrenb D. @?anDt noclj ben lmunfclj au§brficrte, e§ mocljten aur j5efeitigung bon :Differenaen in Eeljre unb ~ra6i§ )lierljanbIungen gepffogen roerben, ljat ber Lutheran unter feinem neuen mebafteur ein @)ingefanbt oljne forrigierenben Sl'ommentar beroffentricljt, roorin beljauptet roirb, baf3 @?eftengemeinfcljaften roie bie metljobiften aroar "different", aber flir Die SHrclje ebenfo notig feien roie bie Iutljerifclje Sfirclje. ~a, e§ fcljeint, aI§ ob auclj innerljaTh ber Wmerifanifclj~Eutljerifcljen Sl'irclje (j5uffalo, Dljio, ~otua), ber Wuguftanafi)nobe, ber )liereinigten :Diinifcljen Sl'irclje unb ber Worroegi~ fcljen merger-@?i)nobe ber UnioniSmu§ bie :Diimme burcljbrocljen ljabe. @)§ rourbe bericljtet, baB biefe SHrcljenforper ficlj aum Lutheran Home Missions Council aUfammengefcljloffen ljaben. mit mecljt bemerfte baau unfer CON- CORDIA THEOLOGICAL MONTHLY (@? 134): "The Lutheran Home Missions Council of America is a 'high adventure' in unionism, one of the most phenomenal which the Lutheran Church in the Western Hemisphere has ever witnessed. What it means, and what it will mean still more in the future, is almost incredible. Practically the union of all Lutheran church- bodies in the United States outside the Synodical Conference has been consummated; for, while organic union, which for many reasons is un- desirable, has not taken place, the Lutheran Home Missions Council of America presumes fellowship of faith. For if church-bodies cooperate in the way the Home Missions Council proposes, divisive differences can no longer be said to receive recognition. In the report on the organiza- tion of the council we read: 'vVe prayed together. We counseled together. We planned for the future. Every vote, after thorough discussion, was unanimous. We were conscious of the immediate presence and guidance of the Spirit of God. . .. We can do wonders for the Kingdom.''' :Die @Heber bet Wmerifanifclj~Eutljerifcljen SHrclje ljaben bamit ba§ beifeite~ gefe~t, roa§ fie in ben ~ljicagoer 5tljefen angenommen ljaben. ~n ben ~ljicagoer 5tljefen ljeiBt e§ fiber SHrcljengemeinfcljaft: "Sfircljengemeinfcljaft, ba§ ljeiBt, gegenfeitige Wnedennung aI§ @Iauben§brfrber ober ba§ 2u~ fammenroiden in fircljHcljen :itiitigfeiten, fe~t naclj @otte§ lmort unb unferm j5efenntniS ftbereinftimmung in ber reinen Eeljre be§ @)bangeIium§ unb im j5efenntni§ berf elben in lmort uno :itat borau§. lffierben bagegen bei Wufricljtung obet WUfrecljterljartung bon Si!ircljengemeinfcljaft borljanbene Eeljrbifferenaen ignotiert ober ffir beIanglo§ edIiirt, fo ift ba§ Unioni§~ mu§, ber cine '@)inigfcit borfpiegert, bie nicljt borljanben if±. " iY. ~. Some Observations on the Language Question. - The News Bul- letin published by the News Bureau of the National Lutheran Council printed in one of its recent numbers parts of a "paper presented to the Sixth General German Conference within the United Lutheran Church" by Rev. S. G. von Bosse, Mount Vernon, N. Y., in which continued emphasis on Theological Observer. - .Ritd)lid)~8eitgefd)id)t1id)es. 221 the German language as a means of spreading Lutheran doctrine in our country is stressed. What men in the U. L. C. think of the need of German in the American Lutheran Church is shown by the following statements: "Mergers of congregations will become necessary, but the German will re- main, will be virile, and assert itself. Wherever it is relegated to a secon- dary position or becomes the 'thing of yesterday,' none will prosecute its continuance with any degree of seriousness or the constructive joy of the builder. Purely German churches contain greater strength and are more ~fficient than bilingual churches. . .. To maintain the German, as it is neces- sary, congregations and pastors must labor conscientiously, intelligently, and energetically. We need German churches as reservoirs for the immi- grants and their families. But they shall stand upon a high plane and do honor to their German name. . .. The German school remains the foun- ,dation of all German congregational growth. . .. Those born here must strive with all diligence to master the German tongue. . .. A blundering ,German sermon will not do. . .. It may be a bit too much, but place your ,stakes high and let the goal be worth while, and may ideals sparkle!" These sentences were quoted from a letter submitted to the essayist, who comments on the situation as follows: "In a statistical survey pub- lished in our Lutherischer Herold and prepared by the assistant director ,of the Board of Education of the City of New York, we find that the number of students studying German in our colleges and universities has increased in New York City by 86% and in the other colleges of the eastern part of our country by almost 42% during the past three years. When my father came to this country, he was advised to study English quickly be- cause the German would be 'out of it' in twenty-five years. When he made further inquiries, he learned that similar predictions had been made fifty years before his coming. A festival speaker said in my pulpit at Wilming- ton, Del., a German-American at that: 'In ten years we will require no more German sermons in any Lutheran church in America.' This occurred sixteen years ago. And to-day Prof. Dr. Theo. B. Hewitt, of New York, tells us that 'a hysterical wave and a wrong form of patriotism prompted our educational authorities to ban the German language from their cur- ricula. European countries made no such mistake. Only the United States, which boast of their tried and wise solution of the war problems, made this costly gesture.' We hear these expressions from Anglo-American pro- fessors, but the increase of German language students also proves to me how great the desire has become in non-German circles to study the German language. If we, then, insist upon the necessity of preserving that which has come to us from our fathers, it cannot, be construed as German propaganda, but has been fully attuned to the spirit of our age." "vVe will in the future insist on a more diligent study of this par- ticular subject in our colleges and seminaries, because it is 1. a cultural re- quirement, 2. representative of our history, 3. for the sake of our Church." Under the last point the essayist writes: "Dr. Poppen said: 'I have noticed in a number of exchanges coming to my desk that the reason why so much German was spoken at the Copenhagen convention seems to be quite generally understood, namely, this, that most of the leaders of Lu- theran churches in the European countries outside of Germany, if they know any other language besides their own, can speak or at least under- 222 Theological Observer. - .Ritd)lid)=,seitgefd)icf)tricf)es. stand German. The same state of affairs will be in evidence at future con- ventions. You will therefore understand my motive as being not that of German propaganda, but merely that of concern about the welfare of Lu- theranism and God's kingdom if I advocate the study of the German lan- guage and of Lutheran literature published in that language, especially on the part of our younger pastors and theological professors.' If we are to communicate our problems on missions, education, philanthropy, immigra- tion, seamen's work, etc., to a World Lutheranism, it must be done in the German idiom. And even then, if we lacked these special reasons, the fact that we are rooted in Luther's doctrine and language should suffice. In my own humble opinion no Lutheran pastor in any country can be as truly Luthe1'an as we have a right to expect of him if he does not possess first- hand knowledge of Lutheran history and theology, which, after all, can be furnished only by way of the language of the great Reformer." (Italics our own.) Space being limited, we were obliged to confine ourselves to so little of this excellent article, so full of sanity and vision that we fear our readers will hardly get the full benefit of its timely and well-grounded warnings. Nevertheless we hope that the few statements which we have quoted will give our constituents food for thought on a matter that is of importance to us no less than to the United Lutheran Church. J.T.M. How Calvinism Deals with the Apostate. - A perusal of the book Spiritual Growth, by the· Dutch Reformed theologian J. J. Knap, translated and published in America in 1930, shows that the pernicious doctrine of Calvinism that a true believer cannot lose grace though he commit enormous sins, that a deposit of grace remains with him even when the exercitium fidei, fides actualis, has ceased, still needs to be combated. Chapter XXI, "Falling from Grace," brings out that Cal- VInISm is compelled to deal with this monstrosity that the apostate, the idolater, is still in grace and that the Calvinistic treatment of the case must necessarily, as far as Calvinism is concerned, block the sin- ner's conversion. "This falling from grace must not be confused with the loss of grace. We may quietly trust that, if we have become the possession of Jesus Christ through the grace of God, we will remain such forever. There is no permanent falling away of the saints. . .. But that does not mean that we are altogether immune from falling from grace. For some time, either brief or long, we may slip. And we cannot but condemn the overweening pride of those who make light of sin and, when they fall, instantly say: 'Once saved, saved forever.' The Epistle to the Hebrews is very instructive in this case (12, 14, 15). . . . When we fall from grace, our whole spiritual life is set back in all its mani- festations and activities. All our spiritual powers are gradually para- lyzed, something like the man with the withered arm, who still had his arm, but found it useless. The grace of God has not been taken away from those who fall back, but its power is diminished. Their prayers are no longer the energetic expression of their souls, but have become the patter of pious phrases. The fight against sin has become little more than a sham battle. The Word of God has lost its taste, and the communion of the saints no longer allures. They no longer shudder at Theological Observer. - ~itdjHdj~8eitgefdjidjmdjes. 223 sin because their conscience slumbers. Faith is no longer a rejuvenating power. It lacks energy and has become frozen capital, which no longer profits life. There is hardly any feeling of guilt any more. They that fall back from grace are in a condition of spiritual numbness. All is darkness within because the light of the Spirit has been hid under a bushel. In the Bible we find some striking examples, which are so many warnings against falling back from grace. Just think of the example of Samson .... Solomon is another example. The beginning of his career was very in- SpIrIng. . .. Yet this great king of Israel had so fallen back from the grace of God through the influence of strange women that he left the worship of the living God for the service of idols." And now, how does Calvinism deal with the apostate, the idolater? It is estopped from hurl- ing the thunderbolt of God's Law, which denounces the wrath of God and eternal damnation against the sinners and "drives them all together to terror and despair" (Smalc. Art., p. 479) . The strongest language it can employ is this: "What a remorse must have consumed Solomon when he saw that the seeds of idolatry which he had sown with such prodigal hand grew up so luxuriantly in Israel and that his apostasy was the cause of the division of the kingdom after his death. Let no man think, therefore, that a temporary backsliding means but little since the grace of God will make all things well in the end. The damage is incalculable for ourselves. We can have no joy nor peace as long as we are denied the gracious fellowship of the Lord. Nor can we estimate the damage we do to our community when we fall back from grace. We no longer let our light shine. Instead, we sow the seeds of destruction from which an awful harvest must come." And the chapter closes thus: "You may not become discouraged and consider all lost. For if there has been a grain of grace in your soul, the Lord will not let go the work of his hands .... " 'fhis to 3D idola.ter! God did indeed work repentance in Solomon, but not through the ministrations of a Calvinistic prophet. - Compare Ohrist- liche Do.gmatik, III, lOS, where the case of Cromwell is discussed. E. The Importance of Avoiding Fraternizing with False Teachers. Our rea,ders by this time are acquainted with the book What Is Lutheran- ism? a, symposium which was, edited by Dr. Vergilius Ferm and to which he himself contributed an article evincing strong modernistic leanings. Some of his own fellow-church-members (he is a member of the Augustana Synod) ha,ve taken him to task for his un-Lutheran utterances and deplore the negative views which he himself holds. In the Lutheran Oompanion of January 17 he publishes a deofense of his position, which in our opinion does not sufficiently answer the cha,rges of his critics. The item to which we hereo wish to draw attention is the last thought which Dr. Ferm ex- presses in his defense. He writes: "Moreover, I maintain tha,t the inter- preta,tion is va.Iid from the essentiaHy Lutheran point of view. I do not think it is very far from the general point of view of the archbishop of the Lutheran state church of Sweden, who was given such a, wa,rm, cordial, and official welcome a few years ago in America, especiaHy by the great constituency of the Augustana Synod." The argument, of Dr. Ferm seems to beo sound. "If the views I hold did not keep you from welcoming Arch- bishop Soederblom as a, brother, wha,t, right ha,ve you to criticize them in meo? The Church cannot be a respecter of persons." Ought not this 224 Theological Observer. - ~itd)nd)~8eitgefd)id)tfid)e~. defense of Dr. Ferm to open the eyes of all members of the Augustana Synod who still love and cherish the old truths? Does it not show in as strong a way as is possible tha,t fraternizing with enemies of sound Scripture doctrine must lead to disastrous results? A. Protestantism Changing, but Not Becoming More Biblical.- In a report on the instaHation of a Congregational minister the Ohurch at Work, the official publication of the Metropolitan Church Federation of St. Louis, informs us that the council called to perform this ceremony, or rite, instead of consisting (as would have been the case formerly) of representatives of Congregational churches, had in its midst many pastors of other denominations, who "participated freely in the questions and discussion." Commenting on this affair, the Ohurch at Work says: "The ministry of two genera,tions ago belonged almost exclusively to one of two' types ilia,t were either mystics or evangelists. The burden of their preach- ing lay along lines of spiritual contemplation or along the lines of appeal for enlistment in the Kingdom. During the last generation there arose a,nother type, whose dominant note was the historical, the effort to repic· ture the life of the prophets and of Christ in the light of the times in which they lived and to arrive at the inner consciousness, the experience, of both. Now comes this new group, who undertake to a,pproach God through the consciousness of living men, to see Him in the light of the inner experience of those who at this hour are conscious of God." To put it differently - while a, generation ago history was emphasized, to-day the stress is laid on psychology. Wha,t it amountS' to is that the poor people clamoring for spiritua,l food are given nothing but the empty husks of human wisdom, and a very doubtful wisdom it is at that. A. m5enn baB in ber U. L. C. 5ur !llnerfcunung fame! ~m ",2utfjetifdjen S)etofb", bem beutfdjen offiaiellen ()tgan bet U. L. C., roitb bie fofgenbe ljetrlidjc eJtelle "au§ dnel' llSrebiat ,2utljer~ im ~a~re 1534" mitgeieift: ,,@~ ift ein feljt berbriellIidj $Ding, roenn man in @otte~ jillerfen fo fjanbefn roill, ball fie fidj reimen follen nadj unferer ll5emunft, $Denn fo mit bie ~teaturen nidjt fonnen au~meffen nodj bie $Dinge liegreifen, barinnen roir tagHdj felien unb fdjroelien, roie roollen roir benn au~meffen unb liegreifen ba~, fo @ott allein in feinem jillod anaeigt unb barinnen roit nidjt felien unb fdjroeoen ~ $Darum follen roir @ott bie @fjte gelien unb iljn laffen allmadjtig unb roaljrfjaftig fein unb gfaulien, roa~ er fagt, ball er'~ audj tun fonne. $Dall eine Sfufj S)eu unb @ra~ ftillt, ba~ fannft bu ridjten, batiilier ljaft bu ll5emunft, item iilier @ofb, @:iUliet, @:itein, S)ofa, ~om ufro. jillM man barau~ madjen foll, fannft bu urteifen unb ridjten; ba fei fo fIug, af§ bu fannf±. 2rlier roM @ott tut unb fdjafft, roie bie 2rugen feljen, bie ()ljren fjoten unb be~ lmenfdjen Bunge tebet, ba Iall ljettreten alle @eIeljden, ~rugen unb jilleifen mit iljtet ljodjften ll5emunft unb ~unft unb Iall fie e~ bi~lJUtieren, fragen unb fotfdjen, fo roitb bit bennodj niemanb griinbHdj fagen fonnen, roie ba~ 2rlletgeringfte aUgelje, roa~ @ott tut. $Datum follen roit @ot±e~ jillod unb jilled unbi~putied unb ungefragt Iaffen unb allein banadj fragen, roer e~ getebd unb gdan ljalJe, oli e~ @ott gerebet fjalie obet ein lmenfdj, oli e~ @ot±e~ jillerf ober eine~ lmen~ fdjen jillerf fei. ~ft e~ @otte~ jillod unb jillerf, fo tue beine 2rugen au, bi~putiete unb frage nidjt, roTe e~ aUgefje, fonbem giaulie, ball @ott all~ madjtig unb roaljtfjaftig fei in feinen jillorten unb jillerfen." jillenn ba~, Theological Observer. - mtd)nd)~Seitgefd)id)md)es. 225 toas Eut~er ~ier ausfpricljt, in ber U. L. C., in ber Wmerifanifclj~Eut~eri~ fcljen SNrclje unb in ber Wmerifanifclj~Eut~erifcljen Sfonferena au toirfIicljer Wnerfennung fame, fo lDiirben aIle genannten merger-~erliinbungen i~re ®egenarlieit gegen bie ®t)nobaIfonferena in nicljt au ferner 2eit aufgelien. ~as toiirbe auclj ~ier in ®t. Eouis unb in aRil11Jaufee gefclje~en. is. ~. '!lie ~eteinigltng bet ~bnnge!ifdjen i5l)nobe bon ~otbnmetifn mit ber ffieformierten .I1irclje in ben ~ereinigten ®taaten unb ben ~ereinigten lEriibern ift nicljt (juftanbe gefommen. ~er uiSriebensliote" bom 11. ;sanuar liericljtet uben ®I)nobafen, baB man ficlj in friebficljer fmeife einigte, bie ~er~anbfungen einauftelIen". ~ie ®aclje fcljeint baran gefcljeitert au fein, baB ftorenbe ,,2toifcljenfalIe" eingetreten finb. ,,~er lEericljt ber ®eneraf~ !onferena ber(§bangefifcljen SNrclje in Wmerifa liefagte, baf3 einige Sfon~ ferenaen biefer Sfirclje bie (§mpfe~fung gemacljt ~atten, bie Sfirclje moge bie einleitenben ®cljritte tun BU einer ~ereinigung mit ben ~ereinigten lEtiibern. 2u gfeicljer 2eit finb mertreter ber ffieformierten Sfirclje in ben ~ereinigten ®taaten in i~rem amtricljen SHrcljenliIatt filr eine ~ereinigung mit ben ®cljlDefterfircljen mit preslii)terialer ~erfaffung eingetreten." lEd ben ®cljIuBber~anbIungen ber Unierien unb ffieformierten tourbe bie iSrage aufgelDorfen, "toie ficlj bie (§bangefif clje ®tJnobe au ber gepfanten ~ereini~ gung ber ffieformierten unb ~resOl)terianer ftelIe". Unb afS bie Unierten edfarien, ufie toomen bie ~er~anbfungen mit ber ffieformierien Sfirclje fil~ren, o~ne ficlj im boraus irgenbtoie in oeaug aUf i~re fiinftige ®tellung au feller ~ereinigung (ber ffieformierten unb ber ~reslil)terianer) au ber~ jJfficljten", erfcljien es ben ffieformierien nicljt atoecfmaBig unb ratfam, bie ~er~anbfungen fortaufil~ren. Ee~rbifferenaen fpierten liei ben ~er~anb~ Iungen, folDeit ber "iSriebensliote" berfauten raBt, feine ffiolle. aRogficljer~ toeife fcljeiterien bie iSriebensber~anbfungen an ber iSrage bes SNrcljen~ regiments, "ber preslil)teriafen ~erfaffung". - Uns intereffiert ~ieroei bas unionift1fclje ~rinaiP, toie es bet "fS'riebmRitiote" tiei Diefe.r ®e!egen~ ~eit barfegt: u;sebenfalIS liereuen toit es nicljt afS Sfirclje, baB toir ben merfuclj gemacljt ~alien, bie (§inigfeit im ®eif±. bie filr uns aUf @runb ber ®cljrift ein ®fauoensfat if±. burclj eine ~erfcljmeIaung mit berlDanbten SNrcljen iiuf3erficlj in (§rfcljeinung treten au Iaffen. ~er ~erfuclj ~at uns too~I geaeigt, toefclje ®cljlDierigfeiten mit einer f oIcljen ~ereinigung ber~ bunben finb, toeIclje OPfer fie fnrberi; alier auf ber anbern ®eite ift uns baliei toieber aUfs neue aum lEetouf3tfein gefommen, lDeIclj einen teuren ®cljat lDir bon unfern ~iitern iiliedommen ~alien, bie ben ~ereinigungs~ grunbfat aUf bie iSa~ne unferer SNrclje gefcljrielien ~aoen." ~as unio~ niftifclje ~rinaip ~at bie ~rolie nicljt lieftanben. (§s berPflicljtete bie Unier~ ten, bon born~erein bie geplante ~ereinigung ber ffieformierien unb ber ~reslii)terianer gutau~eif3en unb baran teiIaune~men. (§s fann fein triftiger @runb fiir i~re fmeigerung angefilfjri toerben. Ee~rbifferenoen finb ia filr bas unierie ®etoiffen lieIangfos. fmas fonnte bann alier gegen bie ~res~ lil)terianer gertenb gemacljt toerben? ;s~r ~ringen aUf bie preslil)teriaIe ~erfaffung ettoa? Wlier toas es auclj gelDefen fein moge, bie Unierien ~iitten es naclj i~rem ~ereinigungsgrunbfat mit in ben Sfauf ne~men miiffen. Wlier bas ,opfer toar au grof3. ®obann int ficlj ber "iSriebens~ liote", toenn er feine aReinung, baf3 bie berfcljiebenen Sfircljengemein~ fcljaften einig im ®eift feien, einen ®fauliensfat nennt. ~ies unmogficlje 15 226 Theological Observer. - .Ritd)nd)~8eitgefd)id)tlid)ell. ~ing regt un~ @ott nidjt au graulien bor, bie~ unmiigIidje ~ing, bafl 2ut~eraner unb meformierie, lj3'roteftanten unb Si!at~omen, beren 2e~r~ bifferenaen ben tiefften @runb be~ @raulien~ lietreffen, bodj einig im @eift finb, bie~ unmiigIidje ~ing, bafl Uneinigfeit in ber SJei~re~te Me SJeraen einigt. Unb ber @5~, baB Me @)inigfeit in ber 2e~re nidjt~ mit ber @)inig~ feit ber llirdje au tun ~alie, ift nidjt ein @raulieMf~, fonbern ein Un~ graulieMfa~. @). Spineless Book Reviews. - The review of A1WIwers to Every-dUIJI Questions, by S. Parkes Cadman, which the WatohmOln-Emaminer furnished to its readers, gives the contents of the book, finds that "the nimbleness of Dr. Cadman's wit. is positively amazing, - for if a question does not strike him a,s appropriate, he answers a question tha,t has not been asked and yet sat.isfies an concerned," - and expresses itself on the main point thus: "We disagree with some of the positions of Dr. Cadman, but we realize quite well the far-rea,ching interest and value that attach to these popular dis- cussions [given by radio] of all sorts of questions." "We disagree with some of the positions"-that and nothing more. Dr. Cadman occupies an extra,-Biblical position. He denies verbal inspiration, the real deity of Christ, substitution. He teaches salvation by character and writes himself down a disciple of Seneca. And all tha,t the reviewer is willing to say is that he "disagrees with some of the positions of Dr. Cadman." .As far as the review is concerned, the readers will look upon this book a,s rather an innocuous afia,ir. The reviewer tells the truth; he does disagree with "some of the positions." But he does not give the information which is looked for in a, review. If some of the readers are led to buy the book and coming upon these heresies of Modernism, take the reviewer to task, he cannot hide behind the weak phrase: "We disagree with some of the positions." He has not dealt fairly with his readers. And the Watohman- Emaminer is untrue to its antimodernistic principles when it publishes such spineless reviews. And all that the review in the Presbyterian con- tains on the subject is the innocuous statement: "Probably no one would agree with the Doctor all the way through the book." E. S)ie ineiijoiliftenfirdie in I8rafilien. ~adj ben bon ben inetijoMften im re~ten ;'Sa~r getroffenen !Beftimmungen, bafl fidj Me llirdjen im 2r~~ ranb ar~ feIliftiinbige Si!iirper neuorbnen follen, ~alien audj bie inet~obiften in !BrafHien fidj fonftimieri. ~atillier lieridjtet bet ,,2rpologete", tvie foIgt: ,,~ie ID'letijobiftenfirdje bon !BtafHien ~at fidj am 2. @5eptemlier 1930 in @5ao !!SauIo fonftituieri. @5ie liefteijt ~ brei ;'Saijte~fonferenaen mit 14 ~iftrift~fuperintenbenten unb 16,000 ID'litgIiebern auf 148 @emeinbe~ lieaitfen. 75 ~rebiger finb ID'lUgIieber ber ;'Saijre~fonfetenaen, unter iijnen 25 ID'liffionare, bie aumeift ~ ben mereinigten @5taaten bon ~orbamerifa ftammen. 2ruBerbem finb 52 angeftellie 2aienpreMger, meif± geliorne !Bta'" fHianer, borijanben. ;'Sn 298 @5onntag~fdjuIen liefinben fidj 16,000 @5djiiIer unb in 144 ;'Sugenbliiinbniffen 5,000 junge 2eute. ~~ @5djuItvefen bet lirafiIianifdjen ID'let~obiftenfirdje umfaBt 12 ijiiijere 2e~ranftarten (Si!ollegien) unb 22 moIf~fdjuren mit in~gefamt 4,000 @5tubenten unb llinbern. ~~ llirdjeneigentum liefte~t ~ 132 llirdjen unb ~apellen, 52 !!Sfatrijiiufern, einem ~rud~ unb medag~~au~ unb dner 2rnaaijI @5djuIgeliiiuben. ~ie erfte ID'let~obiftenfirdje !BrafHien~ entftanb im ;'Sa~te 1882 in mio be ;'Saneiro. mor allem tvar e~ bie @5iibIidje ID'let~obiftenfirdje 2rmerifa~, Me Mefe~ ID'lif~ Theological voserver. - ~itdjndj"3eit(Jefdjidjmdjes. 227 fion~gebiet 1Jflegte unb bearbeite±e. msenn fie jett bem brafiIianifdjen IDCet~obi~mu~ erlaubt ~at, fidj f eIbftiinbig au madjen, fo benft fie bodj nidj± baran, i~re ~elfenbe unb ftfrtenbe S)anb aurllcfauaie~en. Wuclj bie IDCiffio~ nare bleiben in i~ren ISteUungen unb finb bi~ aUf roeitere~ IDCitglieber beiber S'eircljen. Bur ffiegelung bel' j)Serfonal~ unb tyinanaangelegen~eiten befte~t roie bei bel' IDCet~obiftenfirclje bon IDCe6ifo ein 2eniralrat, bel' ficlj an gleicljen ;!teilen au~ ein~eimifcljen IDCet~obiften unb au~ )8ertretern bel' fllblicljen IDCiffion~be~iirbe aUfammenfett." ~. ;!to IDC. The Suomi 'Synod "will join the U. L. C. A.," as reported in the Lutheran, of Janua,ry 15. "One of the noteworthy events of the Milwaukee convention was the unanimous approval of the agreement with the Suomi Synod. By the terms of the contract every mission-congregation in Canada belonging to that, synod is to unite with a constituent synod of the United Lutheran Church in America, (the Synod of Canada or the Manitoba Synod) and to receive its ent.ire mission-support from the Board of Amer- ican Missions. - The la,rgest percentage of Lut.herans in any country of the world is in Finland. It regist.ers ninet.y-nine per cent. It was worth t.raveling 1,500 miles last summer to att.end the fortieth annive,rsary of their most. represent.ative [?] synod in America. One t.housand Finns were in act.ual attendance, stalwart., erect, powerfully built. You should hear them sing in t.heir own la,nguage the Battle-hymn of t.he Reforma,t.ion. It made eve,ry nerve in my body t.ingle. Not. a, book in e,vidence. Every man singing from the heart." E. Who is Applying the Lutheran Standard l' - The Dootrine of God, by Dr. Albert C. Knudson, has been reviewed in the CONCORDIA THEOLOGICAL MONTHLY (Dec., 1930) and in the Lutheran (Jan. 15, 1931). Both re- viewers are agreed as to the t.heologica,l position of Dr. Knudson. The reviewer for the MONTHLY finds: "Dr. Knudson, following Schleiermacher, holds that 'authoTita,rianism (tha,t is, belief in the Bible as the only source and nOTm of faith) belongs to the pa,st. Progressive Protestant theology has set it, a,side.' Accordingly he defines theology as 'the systematic expo- sition and ra,tional justification of the intellectual content of religion.' 'There is no external standa,rd of truth. The only standard is within the human mind itself.' Of course, 'in a special and preeminent sense' the Bible is still the source a,nd norm of Christian belief, for 'in it. we have the e'arliest and most t'Tustworthy record of that unique revelation of God which was mediated to the world through Jewish and ea,rly Christian history.''' The reviewer for the Lutheran, Dr. A. G. Voigt, comes to the same conclusion. "The method is in line with Schleiermacher's Dootrine of Faith ratheT than that of the theology of older days, which presented the doctrine of the objects of fa,ith. Theology is defined as 'the systematio exposition and rational justification of the intellectual content of religion.' The rational and intellectual side of theology is much stressed. Connected with this somewhat subjective method is the rejection of 'authoritarianism.' This rejection does not st.op short of the Bible. 'It is t.he revelation made in and through Christ, that is the source and norm of Christian truth. Only in a supplementary, preparatory, and corroborative wa,y does the Old Testament have authority for us.''' Should, then, the' book be recommended or discommended? Here t.he two reviewers disagree. MONTHLY: "The book is both a failure and a 228 TheQIQgical Observer. - .!titd)1id)~Seitgefd)id)tlid)es. fraud. It, fails to present true Biblical theQIQgy and yet pretends tOo be a text-book Qf Christian dQctrine. The authQr recQgnizes nO' inspired HQly Scripture," etc. Luth~ran: "We ha,ve nO' hesitatiQn, rather the cQntrary, the desire tOo recQmmend this vQlume tOo thQughtful readers ... , It, reveals an earnest Christian cQnvict.iQn. The emphasis which it, places uPQn the intellectual eXPQsitiQn and justificatiQn Qf Christianity serves to strengthen cQnvictiQn Oof the truth Oof QUI' faith as the religiQn Qf divine revela,tiQn." E. A Refreshing TestimOony frOom the NOorwegian Lutheran Church Oof America. -In an article Qf the Lutheran Herald, under the heading "Singing Ourselves Out Qf the Lutheran Church," the writer, P. M. GlasQe, makes SQme gQQd remarks, which Qught tOo be read and heeded by aU the Lutherans Oof America,. After vQicing SQme just criticism Qf the leveling tendency in the system of educatiQn which is in vQgue, in QUI' country, he says: "Tha,t same tendency is at wQrk in the Lutheran Church Qf this cOountry. HQW eQuId we hOope tOo escape it,? SOome Lutherans, having gone soo far tha,t they a,re nQ longer tOo be recOognized as Lutherans, favQr pulpit exchange with the RefQrmed; take nQ stand Oon secret sQcieties; their pastors even openly belong to Masonry. They join in any and aU union- istic mQvements, - and this Qne thing characterizes them aU: they have' IOong since quit singing the Lutheran ahorale. I a,ttended a, service in Christ Church Cathedral, OxfQrd, and heard three Lutheran ahorales sung: in that service; that is mQTe than yOoU hea.r in a year in SQme Lutheran churches in this country. Need we wonder that there a,re in the neighbor- hQod of twenty million people in America" sprung frQm Lutheran stock, who now a,re e,ither Re,formed 001' unchurched? The great steam rOoller at wQrk in QUI' cQuntry aims at the tQtal leveling Qut Qf aU church differences, and it is being accQmplished with remarkable ra,pidit.y and thQrQughness." If the sentiments expressed here lived in aU t.he Lutherans Qf America, how easy would it not. be in that case fOol' the va,rious synods to a.rrive at an understanding and to establish fraternal relations with one anQther! A. Death Oof Dr. RQgers. - The American theQlogical world lost a· prom- inent. schQlar and gifted author when on December 12 Qf last year PrOof. Robert William Rogers Qf Drew Seminary, a, school of the MethQdists, passed a,way. Oriental languages and their histQry and literature were his specialty. He had studied a,t Berlin and Leipzig. At Drew Seminary he served for thirty-seven yea,rs. A number of books dealing with his specia,l field issued frQm his prQlific pen. Leipzig, Dublin, and OxfQrd conferred honorary degrees Oon him. 'Ve are told that in spite of vast learning he tOo the end remained a, firm belie,ver in divine, revelatiQn. A. II. .lu5itmb. 'llie \}{uf{iifung be~ 2ut~erifdjen )8unbe~. ~ie ,,~. (§. R ~." bom 24. ~eaemliet b. ;So betiij'fentIidj±e foIgenbe ifjt aum ~libruct iilietfanhle @5tfIiirung: ,,~m 2.~eaemliet 1930 fjat eine IDCitgIiebetberfammIung be~ 2utfjetifdjen j8unbe~ in 2eipaig bie ~ufIjjfung be~ j8unbe~ liefdjIoffen. ~a~ iff feine~lDeg~ gefdjefjen, lDeiI bie fiifjtenben ~teife an feinen \jSrinaipien ine gelDotben lDi:b::en. 91adj lDie bot eradj±en fie dnen aieflielDufl±en ~ampf Theological Observer. - .R:itd)lid)~.3eitgefd)id)tlid)eg. 229 gegen ben Unioni£lmu£l in jegIidjer l)'orm, ber audj in unfern rutfjerifdjen 2anbe£lfirdjen aerfetenb hJid±. fUr eine ber hJidjtigften 2fufgalien aller berer, Die mit bem Iutfjerifdjen ~efenntni£l lfrnft madjen unb nidjt nur 2utfjer~ tum, fonbern Iutfjerifdje Si' i r dj e hJollen. ~afjer fjaIten fie nodj fjeute bie hn ~afjre 1907-8 erfoIgte Weuregelung ber ,lfngeren Si'onferena', bie ben aur lfbangeIifdjen Si'irdje ber aItpreuBifdjen Union gefjiirenben foge~ nannten ~erein£lrutfjeranern bolle£l @5timmredjt in ber Si'onferena gali, fUr einen berfjiingni£lbollen l)'efjler, ber sur 2flifdjhJiidjung be£l Si'amPfe£l gegen bie Union fiifjren mUBte unb tatfiidjIidj gefUfjrt fjat. ~ie Union£lgefafjr hJirb fjeute in ben Iutfjerifdjen 2anbe£lfirdjen leiber audj bon ben meiften berer, bie perfiinIidj nodj aUf bem rutfjerifdjen ~efenntni£l ftefjen, in ifjrer ~ebeutung ftad bedannt. ~a£l ~ntereffe an ifjrer ~efiimpfung hJirb burdj gana anbere, an lidj lieredjiigte ~eftrelillngen berbriingt. (g fommt fjinau, baB bie Iutfjerifdjen l)'reifirdjen nidjt mefjr hJie dnft gefdjroffen fjinter bem 2utfjerifdjen ~unbe ftefjen, ja aum 5tdl bie i1SroteftfteIlung gegeniilier ber ,lfngeren Si' 0 n fer en a' aUf g e g eli en fj ali en. [@5perrbrud bon un£l.] @5o fjat ber 2utfjerifdje ~unb bie WliigIidjfeit berIoren, ag iiffentridje Drganifation feine 2frlieit hJeiter au treilien. . . . SJiiliener. ®rulie." - ~ie ®efdjidjte be£l 2utfjerifdjen ~unbe£l ift furs folgenbe. (@5iefje lfb.~2utfj. l)'rcifirdje, 23. ~eaemlier 1928.) ~n ber 2fllgemeinen lfb.~2utfj. Si'onferena, Die 1868 sur 2flihJefjr bon Union£llieftreliungen gegriinbet hJurbe, faBen bie ~re£llauer unb ifjre l)'reunbe au£l ben fogenannten lutfjerifdjen 2anbe£lfirdjen fOhJie audj ~erein£lIutfjeraner, futfjerifdje ®Iieber ber preuBifdjen Union, au~ fammen. ~a£l paBte ben ~re£lrauern nidjt. Wlan griinbe±e barum inner~ fjaIli ber 2f. If.~2. Si'. eine 'If. st (lfngere Si'onferena), au ber nur lDirfIidje 2utfjeraner gefjiiren fomen. 2flier audj Dafjincin briingten fidj bie ~erein£l~ Iutfjeraner, unb e£l hJurbe ifjnen 1907 bas @5±immredjt in ber If. Si'. gehJiifjrt. <)l)arauffjin fdjieben bie ~re£lrauer mit ifjren l)'reunben unter ben Ianbe£l~ firdjIidjen 2utfjeranern au£l ber If. Si'. au£l unb griinbeten ben 2utfjetifdjen ~unb, liIielien alier ®Iieber ber 2f. If.~2. Si'. ,,~i£l sum ~afjre 1928 hJar nun im 2.~. Die ~reme be£l Ianbe~firdjIidj~freifirdjIidjen 2utfjertum~ ber~ einigt. . .. ~a£l Iutfjerifdje ~efenntni£lliehJUBtfdn hJurbe burdj Si'onferensen, meferate UfhJ. miidjtig geftiirft. ~er greife Dr. Si'. 2fmeIung, beffen treuer, efjrIidjer 2frlieit audj hJir bie 2fdjtung nidjt berfagen, fafj in bem 2fwliau be~ 2. ~. bie Si'riinung fdne~ 2elien~hJede£l." Unb jett fudjt ~re~Iau cine Union! ,,~en 2fnfang madjte ber friifjere 2eiter be£l ~re£lIauer @5eminar~ unb jetige i1Srofeffor D. lflert. 2fI~ er barauf aUfmedfam gemadjt hJorben roar, baB er nidjt gleidjaeitig ber If. Si'. unb bem 2.~. angefjoren fonne, erfIiirte er fofort feinen 2fu£ltritt au~ bem 2.~. Si'irdjenrat Dr. WageI unb .Il'irdjenrat Dr. 2iemer hJanbien lidj elienfa@ ber If. Si'. aU, ofjne suniidjft au£l bem 2.~. aU£lautreten. 2fnbere ~re~Iauer i1Saftoren meIbeten fidj nun audj ali. . ., ~n ber DfterhJodje bief e~ ~afjre~ [1928] fjatte fidj aUf ciner i1SaftoraHonferena eine groBe Wlefjrfjeit ,fiir einen 2fnfdjruf3 ber lfb.~2utfj. Stirdje in i1Sreuf3en an ben ~ e u ± f dj en If ban gel i f dj e n Si' i r dj e n ~ li u n b' erlIiirt ... , Dr. 2fmeIung edIiirt, er fjiitte dne foIdje @5djhJenfung ~re~Iau~ im ~ollfinn be~ msorte~ nie fiir mogIidj gefjaIten." ,,~ie Iutfje~ rif djen l)'reifirdjen ftefjen nidjf mefjr hJie einff fjin±er bem 2utfjerifdjen munbe" - bafjer feine 2fufIiifung. If. 230 Theological Observer. - stitcljnclj~3eitgefcljicljt1iclje§. '!Ia~ nene ®efanglindi bet ~eifitdie ilon @5adifen n. a. @5t. SDie ,,~reifirdjeu lieridjtet: "l)l:un ift ber jffiunfdj biefer unferer @emeinben in (§rfiillung gegangen: ba§ neue ®efangbudj Hegt bolIenbet bor. ~cfj muf3 gefte~en, baf3 idj in ber Iuraen 3eit, feit idj ba§ neue @efangliucfj in Sjiinben ~alie unb e§ immer wieber burdjgefe~en unb geliraudjt, e§ fdjon ~eraHdj Iieligewonnen ~alie unb e§ flir ein filftlidje§ SHeinob ~aIte, bas @oti un§ anbertrant ~at. ~dj liin fein Sjt)mnolog, fein gefe~rter @efangbucfj~ @>adjberftiinbiger, fonbern mi:idjte in ben folgenben 3eilen nur ag fdjHdjter lut~erifdjer ~~riftenmenfdj au§fpredjen, wa§ idj bon bem @efangliudj ~arte. ~dj ~alie nidjg au tabefn gefunben, alier mandjes ~at mir wo~lgefalIen an i~m. 3uniidjft ba§ wuf3ere. u ftlier ben ~ n ~ a I t be§ neuen @efang~ budj§ ~eif3t e§: ,,(§§ ent~iiIt 600 ber fdji:inften unb weribolIften .2ieber oW ben reidjen ®dj~en ber lut~erifdjen ~irdje. jffiir finb ben IDCiinnern, bie fidj ber grof3en IDCii~e ber mearlieitung unteraogen ~alien, bieI SDan! fdjulbig, aumal mandjerIei jffiiinfdje beriidfidjtigt werben fomen. Oli man e§ alIen au @efalIen gemadjt ~at, wer wiII ba§ fagen? ~oer ba§ ift gewif3: wer alIe biefe .2ieber nidjt Iilof3 ~in unb wieber einmal fingt, fonbern fie tiigIicfj geliraucfjt, fie Heft unb lietet, ber wirb lialb merfen, weIdj grof3er ®dj~ barin ftecft. SDie @emeinben, bie lii§~er ba§ lut~erifdje @efangliudj unferer @laulien§liriiber in l)l:orbamerifa geliraudjt ~alien, linben im neuen alIe im art en ent~artenen .2ieber wieber. SDenn ba§ ®t. Eouifer @efangliucfj IiUbet ben @runbftocf be§ neuen. (§ine fBergleidj§tafef ber l)l:ummern am ®djluf3 aeigt an, wo bie .2ieber be§ arten @efangliudj§ im neuen au linben finb. SDa§ neue ent~iirt banelien nodj eine ganae ~naa~l (115) fdji:iner .2ieber, bie im arten nidjt ent~arten waren. fBon .2iebern be§ le~ten ~a~r~ ~unbert~ ober nodj lelienber SDidjter finb nur einaeIne, nur bie alIeroeften, anfgenommen worben. . .. ~uf3er ben .2iebern liringt unfer neue§ @e~ fangliudj gleidj am ~nfang einen erfIiirenben Sjinwei§ aUf bie in un;ern @emeinben geliriiudjfidjen @oite§bienftorbnungm fo!l!ie bie jffiedjfeIgefiinge (~ntip~onen). (§§ ent~iirt bann im ~n~ang audj eine ~naa~I fdji:iner @e~ liete flir berfdjiebene @eIegen~eiten aur fIeif3igen menu~ung unb aHl IDCufter flir ba§ eigene @elieglelien unb bie ~nleitung au l)l:otiaufen. ~eoen ben brei aItfirdjfidjen mefenntniffen ift andj ba§ un§ in biefem ~ulieIia~r [1930] wieber liefonber§ wertbolI unb lieo geworbene ~ug§liurger mefenntni§, ba§ lutljerifdje ~~riften fennen fomen, aligebrucft. jffiir linben barin ferner alIe artfirdjlidjen (§pifteIn unb (§bangeHen, bie am meiften geliraudjten !jSrebigttq;te, unb bie ~unbftelIen ber (§ifenadjer fowie aweier bon ber (§b.~ Eut~. ®t)nobaIfonferena angenommenen mei~en bon !jSrebigtie;t;ten flir alIe ®onn~ unb ~efttage be§ mrdjenja~re§. ~udj ber SHeine ~atedji§mU§ Eut~er§ ift anfgenommen worben, aum liefonberen Sjinwei§ baranf, baf3 audj bie I(§rwadjfenen ~atedji§mU§fdjiiIer lileilien folIen. SDie alIerwidj~ tigfte @efdjidjte, bie je auf (§rben gefdje~en ift unb bie unfer SjeiI un§ berfiinbet, fte~t audj im @efangliudj, bie @efdjidjte bom liitieren Eeiben unb ®terlien unfer§ SjeUanbe§. SDie filnnen wir nidjt oft genug Iefen unb lietradjten. jffiertbolI ift enbHdj audj ba§ forgfiirtig 'bearlieitete fBeraeidjni§ ber .2ieberbidjter mit luraen gefdjidjtridjen ~ngalien unb bie @efdjidjte bes @eridjte§ iioer ~erufalem unb ber 3erfti:irung biefer ,~emgen ®ta/>t', beren hie ~~riften~eit am 10. ®onntag nadj :itrinitati§ au gebenfen pfIegt, um tidj bor fBeradjtung be§ jffiortes unb ber ®nabe @otie§ warnen au laffen. jffia~rIidj ein reidje§, in~artfdjweres mudj, ein fi:iftridjer ®dj~ I (§§ rebet Theological Observer. - .!i'itcf)!icf)~Seitgefd)id)tlid)es. 231 unb aeugt bon alIem, tJJa5 ein ~~rift tJJiffen mun aum SjeU unb .2 eli en, e~ begleitet ba5 @otte5finb bon ber 5taufe an aUf allen feinen freubigen unb traurigen, gefii~rIidjen unb funbigen .2eben5tJJegen bi~ fdjIienIidj aum feligen ®terben. ~ur alIe5 finben tJJir ~errIidje meber, fur lmorgen unb ~oenb, fUr mune unb @lauoen, fur @Iiicf unb . .2eib, fur Sl'iimpfen unb ®iegen, fUr .2eben unb ®terben. Unb alIe5 tJJirb aUfammengefant in ba5 .2ob be5 gronen, ftaden, barm~eraigen @otte5, bon bem Die beiben .2eittJJorte unfer5 neuen @efangbudje5 reben, bie in funftreidjer ®djrift bie @5ingang5feite aieren, jJSf. 150, 6: ,~lIe~, tJJa5 sObem ~at, lobe ben Sj@5rrnl Sjallelujal' unb jJSf. 96, 2: ,®inget bem Sj@5rrn unb looet feinen Wamen, j,lreDiget einen 5tag am anbern fein SjeU I' @otte5 @5~re preift ba5 ganae lBudj." ~. jJS. lillidj±ige !llu£lgrallltngen in jJ3afiiitina. "SD. @5. SD." beridjtet iiber hJidjtige ~unbe, bie neuerbing5 in jJSctIiiftina gemadjt tJJorben fino. ~n bern lBeridjt ~eint e5: "j8erfdjiebene ~u5grabungen, bie aur Seit in jJSaliiftina burdjgefU~rt tJJerben, ~aben fe~r intereffante @5rgebniffe geaeitigt. @5ine amerifanifdje @51;pebition unter .2eitung bon Dr. @rant, bie an ber ®tiitte ber im lBudj ~ofua ertJJii~nten ®taDt lBet~feme~ @rabungen beranftaItet, ~at einige fUr Die @5rforfdjung ber 9teIigion ber bori5raelitifdjen lBebol~ ferung jJSaliiftinM roidjtige ~unbe gemadjt. Sum erftenmal in jJSaliiftina entbecfte man Sl'tefednodjen bon 5tieren, beren Sii~ne bergolbet tJJaren. lman nimmt an, ban e5 fidj um sOj,lfertiere ~anbeIt, beren Sii~ne fUr ful~ tifdje StJJecfe bergolbet tJJurben,entfj,lredjenb ber befannten ®itte ber mer~ golbung ber Sjorner. @5ine anbere ~nna~me bermutet eine ~orm be5 5tierfuItu5 in j8erbinbung mit ber ®onnenanoetung. lman ~offt, ban bie tJJeiteren ~u5grabungen nodj nii~ere ~uffdjIiiffe iiber biefe iiberrafdjenben ~unbe geben tJJerben. - ~n ber unmittelbaren Wii~e be5 5toten lmeere~ fii~rte ber ~efuitenpater lmallon umfangreidje @raoungen burdj, bei benen unterirbifdje Sfornfj,leidjer, einiAe SieAelbrennereien unD nodj beutIidj er~ fennbare ®tranenanlagen aufgebecft tJJurben. ~m Worbenbe ber ~U5~ grabung en tJJurbe ein groner, redjttJJinfIiger SiegeThau mit me±erDicfen lmauern gefunben, beffen ~unbamente atJJeiein~aTh lme±er tief reidjen. Sa~l~ reidje lmauerrefte einer berbrannten ®tabt, beren ~u£lbe~nung man nodj nidjt bollftiinbig erforfdjen fonnte, finb befonber£l nadj Worben aU£lgebe~nt. lman nimmt an, ban mit Diefer ®taDt, beren lBIiiteaeit im britten ~a~r~ taufenb b. ~~r. geIegen ~at, tJJa~rfdjeinIidj Die 9tefte bon ®obom unb @o~ morra entbecft finb. SDie @rabungen follen mit Unterftiitung be5 j,liipft~ Iidjen lBibeIinftitut§ tJJeitergefii~rt tJJerben." ~. 5t. lm. S1)te jJ3rebigetieminare Shlll1l1 unb IBreflum gefdjlllffeu. SDariiber be~ ridjtet bie ,,~. @5 . .2. Sl'.", tJJie folgt: "SDa5 Sl'rOj,lj,l~lBrefIumer jJSrebigerfemi~ nar tJJirb nadj fUnfaigjii~rigem lBeftanb gefdjIoffen tJJerben, ba bie United Lutheran Church (j8ereinigte .2ut~erifdje Sl'irdje) in ~merifa, fUr tJJeldje bie ®eminariften aU5gebUbet tJJurben, Diefe ~u£lbUbung in i~ren eigenen amerifanifdjen ®eminaren iiberne~men tJJm. SDie @eneralberfammlung ber U. L. C. in lmiItJJaufee na~m am 13. sOftober [1930] bebattelo~ unb ein~ ftimmig folgenben lBefdjlun an: ,SDer tJJertbolIe SDienft, ben Sl'roj,lj,l unb lBrefIum faft ein ~albe~ ~a~r~unbert ~inburdj ber amerifanifdjen Sl'irdje geleiftet ~aben, tJJirb tJJarm anedannt. @55 finb aber inner~alb lle5 Ietten ~a~rae~nt§ lffianbIungen eingetre±en, tJJeIdje Die ~nftellung bon jJSaftoren, bie auner .2anbe5 aU5gebilbe± finb, erfdjtJJeren unb bie Sl'trdje atJJingen, audj 232 Book Review. - mtewtut. fUr hie paftorale ~erforgung her heutfdj~englifdjen @emeinben fidj an im 2anhe @eborne au ~arten. l1fudj ber }Breflum~Sh:opper morftauh er~ fennt an, bat augefidjt5 ber beranberten 2age hriiben ein I1fbbau be~ beutfdjen ®eminar~ bielIeidjt nidjt ranger au bermeihen fei. :Buhem liegen her ~erfammlung I1fntrage bor, bie harauf abaielen, hat fiinftig alIe ~a~ ftoren im 2anhe au~gebHbet merben folIen. :!lie Sfirdje bault @ott fUr alIe ®egnungen, hie er i~r burdj hen :!lienft S'i'ropp~ unb }Breflum~ ~at auteiI merhen laffen. ®ie erfenn± hanfbar an, mM fie hen @rilnhern, ~o~. ~aulfen unh ~~r. ~enfen, fdjulhet, haau henen, bie gleidj ienen fo bier gearbeitet unh geopfert ~aben im :!lienft her Sfirdje. :!lie @raie~ung~~ be~orhe mirb ermadj±igt, eine freunhfdjaftIidje 20fung her ~erbinhung mit S'i'ropp~}Breflum einau1eiten.' :!la~ ®eminar mirh ba~er im 2auf he~ :;Sa~re~ 1931 gefdjloffen. :!len ®tubierenben fte~t ber jilleg in ein amerifanifdje~ lJber cana'oifdje~ ®eminar filr ben I1fbfdjfut i~re~ ®tubium~ offen." is· ~. S'i'ntijuHfdjer ~ifdjuf in ~ernn. :;Sn dner WWteUung in ber ,,2ut~. ~irdjenaeitung" refen mir: "Wadj faft bier~unbert :;Sa~ren ~at nun hie .beutfdje meidj~~auptftabt }Berlin mieber einen fat~onfdjen }Bifdjof. jillie hie ;itage~preffe beridjtet, murbe lmonfignore ~~riftian ®djreiber am 31. l1fuguft .aI~ }Bifdjof ber mieber~ergefterrten fat~oIifdjen :!lioaefe }Berlin feierIidj auf .ben ;it~ron er~oben. :!la~ I1fmt mar feit hem :;Sa~re 1544 nidjt me~r befe\?t gemefen. :!ler le\?te }Bifdjof mar lmatt~iM bon :;Sagom, ber aur :Beit ber meformation au~ ber fat~olifdjen Sl!irdje au~idjieb unb aum 2ut~erium ilber~ irat. :!lie :!lioaefe murbe unter bem im le\?ten :;Sa~r auf±anbegefommenen preutifdjen Sl!onforbat, fUr ha~ fidj ber nunme~rige paPftHdje ®taat~~ fenetar unb bamaHge paPftIidje Wuntiu~ in :!leutfdjlanb ~aceIIi fo ftad eingefe\?t ~at, erneut in~ 2eben gerufen. @~ ift bie~ eine @rneuerung ber arten :!lioaefe }Branbenburg, hie im :;Sa~re 948 unter bem bamaligen Sl!aifer Dtto gegrilnbet tourbe." :;So ;it. Nt. G;udjnrifttfdjer Sl:ungrefj in ~rlnnb. :!ler" ~~riftL I1fpologete" ±eilt mit: ,,:;SrIanb trifft ~orbereitungen aUf ben @udjarif±ifdjen .\'\'ongret, bet 1932 im :;Suni in :!lublin abge~arten toerben folI unb au bem man alIein au~ I1fmerifa 100,000 ;iteiIne~mer ermartet, braudjt aber amerifanifdje~ @elb, um i~n burdjfU~ren au fonnen. :!lie~ ift bon jilliIIiam lmc~ari~l), bem @;t;efuttbfenetar her Catholic Travel League, her flJeben au~ :;SrIanb aurildgefe~ri if±, too er ba~ iSeIb gepriift ~at, mitgeteilt morhen. lmc~ari~l) fagt, berfdjiebene ~~icagoer S'i'apitaIif±en intereffieren fidj fUr :;SrIanD, be~ fonber~ fUr :!lublin, too fie einige moberne SJoter~ bauen molIen." :;So ;it. lm. Book Review. - £iteratur. Christ and His Men. By Olfert Ricard. Translated from the Danish by Harold O. Jensen. Published by the Central Committee of Young People's Leagues in the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. 1930. 329 pages, 8X5%. Price, $1.50. The author of this book, who died some time ago, was pastor of a large Lutheran congregation in Copenhagen, Denmark. The foreword by Dr. John R. Mott says that he gradually came to be regarded as the