Full Text for CTM Book Review 2-1 (Text)
aulinifd)en mtiefe lennt. (ie
welb aud) In ber telili\onlSgefd)id)trid,1en ~otfd)lllt\l ber !Jleu3eit Ilut !Befd,1eib, weift
fie me~r aIg einmal au unb fagt gan3 tid)tig: ,,(,l;s bettieft fid) bei mit !tnmet me~r
bie ftuCtaeuguM, bnll ber whflid)e Hd: SDet !Hlloftel ~aufus aHJ ~etfilnfidJteit; ~aulus
al~ I)JHflionarj ;DIe motjd)aftj ~aufi Wl\ffionsmetlJobej SDie beiben ~~eflalonid)er~
btiefcj SDet @alnterbrlefj SDlc @efd)id)te ber Storlnt~ergemeinbc bon if)ret @eUn,
bung bilS 311m alueHen Sforlntf)erbciefej 6trtif3l1oe burd) bie Sfotint~etbrlefej SDet
lRilmerbtief; SDet ~~mlllletuciefj SDer Sfo!of!erudefj $:let (ill~efccbt\efj SDie ~a,
[totaluciefe. - lffiit filnnen nid)t aUen fdnen !Husfill)mn\len 3uftlmmen. lffienn
er (agt: ,,~aulus toar, wenn tule ben innecften !Jlerb feiner \:l'tilmmlgfeit d)ataf,
tetiflmn wOUen, 9)tl)ftllec" (6. 12), [0 ift ba~ nld)t rid)tlo, eil fet benn, bab man
jeben gliiubigen [~ciften, ber mit ~aulus faot: ,,~d) rebe, bod) nun ntd)t id),
fonbecn [l)tifttts {ebet tn mit", @al. 2, 20, einm ~\)ftifet 1tennen lotu. lllid) tel:
fallt aud), bab "ber G:l)ataUet beg ~nlllus bieUehf)t nid)t Ilana ol)ne ~afel if!.
(i~ ~iinot hlO~l mit bet £leibenfd)aftlicfJtcit felnes ~empecament~, mit bet ~eiflen
.\llehe all feinen ge\ftlid)en Sfinbecn 3ufammen, ball er 1m Stampfe mit felnen
@egnecn bieUeid)t nid,1t immec bie [treMe @renae belJ .3uHiffigen in ber Sftitif
e\n\Jel)alten ~at" (6. 13). !Hbet ell gibt auelJ einen ~ ell i g e n .3 0 tn, einen
1) ell i \J e n 0; i fer um @otte!! (il)te unb um bie !lBa~rl)e\t bes (ibnngeHums
unb geoen beflen \:l'ehtbe. Unb (0 ~a!len wil: uns nod) elne lltci~e fcagfid)ct ober
iniger 6iitJe angemertt. !Huct babet 1ft aud) [0 blel Ulld)tI\Jes unb @lItes gefagt,
bieeinac1nen mrlefe weeben inl)artlid) bem £efer fo na~e Ilebrad)t, unb bie @tllnbe
Book Review. - l3iteeatut. 73
ber ~eitlf gegen I~re [d)t~eit, aum lBellpiet bei bem 3nlelten ~~ellatonidjetbtief
unb ben ~nftorntbciefen, tnerben nld)t nut naml)aft gemad)t, fonbetu aud) 1m
ganaen 10 tteffenb lDibedegt, bali jebet babon letuen fann. Unb bann immer
bet milflonnrifel)e lllugbWt unb bie bibHld)e lBegeUnbung ber SJJlilfion! !liit Ct.
1D1i~nen nod), bafl illid)tet geeabe aud) gegen bie betiebte ntoberne Illuffallung beg
G:~tiftentl1mg nl~ cinet f~l1tcetiltild)en illetigion 3U ~elbe 3ie~t (<5.52), bali er
abet 2 ~~ell. 2, 6. 7 In bem betannten Illbfd)nitt Uber ben Illntid)dften 1:0 xadxov
(ba~ Illuf~attetlbe) unb ,) xadx ())I' (ben Illutl)altenben) nid)t aUf ben tiimlldjen
seaifet unb bie tilntifd)e <5tantsgetualt bC3ie~en tuitf, tuas nuel) unfem ftberacu-
gung feU ben SeUen ber .feirif)enb1itet big ~ertlntee 3U ~~. Sa~n ble fid)erlte unb
belte &tWitullg ilt (<5,83.84). l3. ~ U t brill get.
The Men Whom Jesus Made. A Series of Studies in the Characters
of the Twelve Apostles. By the Rev. W. MoIntosh Maokay, D. D"
Sherhrooke Church, Glasgow. Richard R. Smith, Inc., New York.
211 pages, 5X7%. Price, $1.00. (Anvil Series of $1 Religious
Books.)
While we should not advise a pastor to use the chief services of his
church for a series of sermons on the twelve apostles, because naturally
such discourses are apt to put more emphasis on historical material than
should be the case in the main sermon of the week, there is no reason
why such a series should not be preached in Sunday evening or mid-week
services. On the contrary, since a special sermonic study ·of each one of
the Twelve will afford the pastor an opportnnity to dwell on a number
of interesting and stimulating facts and truths which lie somewhat off
the beaten path and acquaintance with which will make the Christian
understand his New Testament better and love it all the more, pastors
ought to be encouraged to prepare such a scries for the services which
playa subsidiary rOle in the life of a church. We, then, have no objec-
tion to offer to the subject of the twelve discourses contained in this book.
Another question is whether the work is satisfactorily done. Admirable
features of the book are the simplicity of style and lucidity of treatment
exhibited by the author. Again, from the point of view of scholarship
it will pass muster. Dr. Mackay studied such large works on the apostles
as were available, especially Bruce's The 'l'mining of the Twelve, which
he mentions in the introrluction, and thus he equipped himself for his
task. Here and there the conservative reader will not agree with the
critical and historical conclusions which the author has reached. For
example, when he says (p. 58) that the Gospel according to St. John in
its present form was not written by St, John himself, but consists of his
memoirs as they were edited by a disciple after the apostle was dead, we
demur. His view on the writer of the Epistle of St. James, according to
which this inspired writer was not the Apostle St. James, the son of AI-
phaeu8, but an actual brother of our Lord, likewise fails to commend it-
self to us. - Doctrinally the book is weak, for two reasons. In the first
place, it does not contain much doctrine; the author confines himself
quite strictly to comments on the events related of tIle Twelve and to
practical lessons drawn from these events, In the second place, one re-
grets to see that the author fails adequately to present the Christ "for us,"
the Substitute, who became a curse in our stead. He speaks of our "ever
living near Christ till the spirit of Christ passes into us and we become
74 Book Review. - ~itetatUt.
'one with ChriRt'" (p. 74). But on the Hedeemer who furnishes us the
help which the poor sin-laden heart is yearning for he is strangely silent.
Furthermore, did Paul really "know nothing of Peter's infallibility in
Antioch" (p. 20)? It is very true, Paul knew Peter was not a perfect
saint; but the rebuke he administered to him (Gal. 2) had no reference
to the doctrine of Peter, but merely to llis conduct. III one paragraph
(p. 167) the author creates the impression that he holds people may be
led to "find Goel" and undergo a change of heart through the Buddhist
religion. His language is not specific enough to compel us to say he enter-
tains such a view, but certainly even the semblance of holding it should
be avoided by a Christian minister. The above shows that the book, though
serviceable in many respects, requires discerning, discriminating re\tders.
W.ARNDT.
The Holy Spirit in the Life and Teaching of Jesus and the Early
Christian Church. A Biblical Study. By P. Klltepfel. Lutheran
Book Concern, Columbus, O. 145 pages, 5%X7%. Price, $1.50.
The purpose of this book is to supply om Christian people with more
detailed information on the person and work of the Holy Ghost. The
foreword states very correctly: "To most Christians the person and work
of the Holy Spirit are at best hazy SUbjects. Few try to get clear on
them. Therefore there is great need of instruction in this field." The
truth of this no one can deny, and thc author's attempt to give this
. needed information is indeed laudable, and in some respects his book is
excellent. It is clearly outlined and definite in its presentation of facts.
Many great lessons concerning the Holy Spirit are here set forth and
explained which are commonly overlooked by both pastors and laymen.
Nevertheless, we I'egret that the little volume has features which make it
impossible for us to recommend it without qualification. First of all,
it is a fault, in our opinion, that the learned author - for his treatise
shows much learning - has drawn so copiously on Reformed writers.
Men like Kuyper, Gordon, Morgan, Vaughan, MacDonald, Torrey, Tuttle,
Gore, Swete, etc., are, after all, not the scholars whom Luthemn authors
ought to quote in a volume intended largely for popular instruction. The
andere GeiBt of enthusiasm inheres also in them. Why not go back to
our Lutheran dogmaticians, in whose works we find so much better dog-
matics and exegesis than in the sectarian representatives of to-day?
Then, too, it is a fault that many of the weighty points which deserve
unlimited space because of their importance have been treated so briefly.
The book offers many things, but, we are sorry to say, not much of any-
thing. Topics such as "The Holy Spirit in the Life of Christ," "The Holy
Spiri~ in the Teaching of Jesus," and "The Holy Spirit in the Early Ch111'ch"
are so rich, deep, and comprehensive tllat each, properly treated, will pro-
ducc a whole library. Even in a comparatively small book like the present
volume they should receive considerable attention. Lastly, the book con-
tains much misleading and even downright incorrect exegetical matter.
Luke 10, 21, for instance, should not be made to read: ",Jesus rejoiced
in the Holy Spirit," but, as Meyer, Godet, etc., prove, "Jesus rejoiced
in spirit." With regard to the question whether the Holy Ghost pro-
ceeds also from the Son the author should have given a clear and distinct
answer and not have left the matter open. The Lutheran Church is also
Book Review. --- ~itcratur. 75
in this point anti-Grcek-Catholic and teaches the FiUoCj1te. To leave thc
question open, as this book docs, means to cause confusion among thc
unlearned. In the paragraph Oll the Paraclete the author unwittingly
contradicts himself; for he seemillgly accepts the opinion of modern scholars
that the word Pu'/'aolete has a passive sense, and yet he renders it with
a term having an activc sense. The writer's cornman sense prevailed
after all. But still more objectionable is the author's indirect charge
that the apostles made a gross mistake by electing Matthias to take the
place of Judas Iscal'iot. True, the author does not say so himself, but
Morgan and Gordon, whom he quotes, apparently with approval, say so;
and from this they even draw the lesson that ChTistian churches, when
calling pastors, should learn "the mind of the Spirit" rather than get
"the sense of the meeting." Such things bar books from the libraries
for which they lue intcnded. Recently we read in a book review the
following criticism: "Dus Ganze ist nicht rechl d1t1·chgeu1·beitet." This
criticism, we belicve, applies also to Dr. Kluepfel's book, and we hope
that by saying this we may induce the author, in a later edition, to cor-
rect the faults of his book and to present to us an enlarged and improved
volume on the person and work of the Holy Ghost which is worthy of
Lutheran learning and Biblical research. J. T. MUELLER.
What Is LutheranismP A Symposium in Interpretation. Edited by
Vergilius Ferm, Ph. D. 307 pages, 5% X8. The Macmillan Com-
pany, New York. 1030. Price, $2.50.
The purpose of this volume is to give "a representative cross-section
of the thought that obtains among contemparary Lutherans in America"
(p. x). The editor, who is a minister of the Augusto.na Synod and since
1928 Professor of Philosophy in the College of Wooster, requested the fol-
lowing to discuss the subject announced in the titlc: Dr. Evjen (formerly
Vnited Norwegian, now V. L. C.); Dr. Offerman, Mount Airy (V. L. C.);
Dr. Wcntz, Gettysburg (V. L. C.); Dr. Reu(Iowa); Dr. Hefelbower, Car-
thage (V. L. C.); Dr. Scherer, secretary of the V. L. C.; Dr. Haas, Muhlen-
berg College (V. L. C.); Dr. Dau, Valparaiso (Mo.); Dr. Wendell of the
Augustana Synod; Dr. Rohne of the Norwegian Lutheran Church. Among
the questions proposed to these writers were the following: What is the
unique character of Lutheranism 1 How far are its confessions normative 1
Is its theology fixed? What is the Lutheran attitude to such problems as
modern Biblical scholarship with the implications involved in textual
criticism, historic method; to such contemporary issues as Modernism,
Fundamentalism, naturalism, humanism, evolutionism, etc.? iVhat is meant
by the "Word of God?"
The attitude which, in the editor's own classification, would be ~alled
the traditionalist, uncritical one, is represented in the essay contributed
by Dr. Dau, who rejects "a wholesale declaration that one accepts the Lu-
theran Confessions 'as far as' they agree with the Scriptures" (p. 219) and
who idcntifies with the skepticism engendered by 'Satan in Paradise the
various hypotheses of science with which the Lutheran Church has a con-
flict (p. 220) ; - also in that of Dr.Reu and in thc contribution of Dr.RolIne.
Concessions are made to the spirit of the times in some of the phraseology
of Rohne's essay, as when he says that the Lutheran Church "has always
retained a friendly aloofness" over against other religious organizations
76 Book Review. - Xliteratur.
(p. 249); but he accepts the Bible as verbally inspired and demands not
a qtlatemls, but a quia suhscription to the Confessions (p. 254). In the
spiritual realm "human reason is altogether incompetent to act in any'
capacity whatever" - exactly the view of which Dr. Ferm says in his own
essay that it must he rejected both on grouuds of morality and reason
(p. 294 f.). Dr. Offerman's essay is on the whole favorable both to the
material and formal principle of the Reformation and to the historical
confessions as a whole. He, too, wants a subscription to the Confessions
"without any mental reservation" (p. 52). What he intends to say with
his judgment on the dogmaticians of the seventeenth century - "The a'J:gu-
ments used by them do no longer make their appeal to the minds of modern
men" (p. 54) -he does not explain. In Offerman's essay, as elsewhere in
the book, Paul is misinterpreted as expecting an immediate Second Ad-
vent (p. 63). Dr. Wentz stal·ts out very well, but on the seventh page of
his essay he deduces that the theology of Lutheranism is "not fixed";
that there has been a "progressive understanding" of the Gospel since the
time of Luther. This alleged progress in the understanding of Scripture
is referred to by other contributors to this volume, but in not a single
case are instances given of such more adequate comprehension of the
Gospel. The reader is led to suspect that her" as elsewhere there has
been a parrotizing of the modern criticism of the Bible even where the
faith of the writer is still that of the Confessions. Dr. Scherer discusses
Lutheranism as an experience and as a doctrine. His contribution is an
uncompromising restatement of our confessional position, with a weaken-
ing only in the last paragraph, in its reference to evolutionism as some-
thing that "seems to be in conflict" with revelation (p.172). Dr. Haas
rejects the "purely mechanical [?] theory of inspiration" of the older dog-
maticians (p.189) and accepts the "probable results of the history of the
Biblical books" (p. 191), although shrinking from the "extreme liberal
positions"; leaves open the question of the evolution of the human body
(though not of the soul, p. 195); but on the whole is more conservative
than we had reason to expect from his former publications.
The contribution of Dr. C. A. Wendell, university pastor at Minneapolis
and a prominent member of the Augustana Synod, is least worthy of in-
clusion in this volume as a representative expression of Lutheranism.
While there are flings at the stricter doctrinal position in the contribu-
tions of Wentz, Hefelbower, Haas, and Ferm, "Vendell alone descends to
sneers and bitter innuendos. JIis entire essay documents the author's
complete break with the Scriptural doctrine of Creation and Inspiration,
to mention only these. To the non-Lutheran reader it gives an entirely
false view of the current of thought to be found among the clergy and
laity of the American Lutheran synods, as, for example, when he pic-
tures the clergy as helplessly viewing the advance of evolutionary teach-
ings regarding the origin of life and of the human race; and when he
pictures the layman as unable to distinguish between doctrine and the
choice of clerical vestments (p. 232).
We have made a cross-section of the book in its answer to the ques-
tion, "What is meant by the 'Word of God 1" Some of the answers rep-
resent the historic Lutheran view. But there is also a good deal of
hedging and jockeying in the expressions of some contributors - as when
Book Review. - l:lltctatltt. 77
Dr. Wentz says (p. 88): "Because the Bible tells us the thoughts of God
toward men, it is called the Word of God. Because it was prepared under
a special direction of God, so as to make its message dynamic for all
ages, it is called the inspired Word of God." Then, to make confusiou
worso confounded, he adds: "That Word is Christ." TIaas is much more
clear-and modernistic-when he writes: "The Bible is the Word of
God because it contains the 'Word of God.* The Bible is the record
of revelation" (p. 176). Offerman's interpretation, tlmt the Word of God
"is God's own living revelation to us, and it is not a communication of
certain facts or doctrines, but a message that proclaims God's forgiving
love to all who repent and believe" * (p. 68), states essentially the same
position in different words. The secret of all this misunderstanding is
the attempt to derive the doctrine of inspiration either from the whole
of Christian belief or from the great fundamentals, - Offerman derives
it from the doctrine of Justification (p. 58), - but not from the Scrip-
tures themselves. There is some hedging alRo in Haas's reference to the
inerrancy of the Bible when he writes: "There is no reason for an at-
tempt to justify every actual statement of the Bible, because errors of
transcription have clearly crept in" (p. 192), - as if textual criticism
were involved when we discuss, as Dr. Haas does in this paragraph, the
historical method of criticism. Dr. Ferm alone comes out with definite
denial: "A literally infallible Bible, an assumption implied throughout
the Lutheran symbols, verbally inspired, is a view that has passed by the
board for good" (p. 279). "'rhe doctrine of the complete inerrancy of the
Bible ... can hardly ... be to-day maintained in the light of the historical
method" (p. 293).
The fundamental mistake as we see it of those who have contributed
the liberal chapters to Dr. Ferm's book is their assnmption that ours is
an age of such great changes that inevitably om· views of the Bible and
our interpretation of its teachings must be affected. 'Ve have entered
"upon an age which is searchingly critical" (p. 270). Strangely reminis-
cent of Bretschneider and the other anti-Symbolists of a hundred years
ago, who from the height of thew advancement in science, with all the
light of the Anfklaenvng streaming upon the Bible (and thoroughly dis-
crediting it), regarded the Lutheran Confessions as merely a valuable
record of a phase of doctrinal development, - exactly as the Confessions
are viewed by Ferm, Wendell, Wentz, and other contributors to this volume.
As a matter of fact the very first century of the Christian era was "search-
ingly critical," and the doctrines of Christianity have ever since been ex-
posed to criticism, skepticism, and rationalism.
The reading of this book confirms three well-settled convictions of our
own: 1. Lutheran unity is far off when i·eligious radicals can attain to
distinction in American Lutheran synods. 2. The chief danger to Lu-
theranism is the evolutionistic teaching of the univerRity. The most
radical authors represented in this book have taken long courses at Yale
and other high seats of infidelity. If you would know what thiR means
for our Church, read the story of the destruction of Puritanism in the
Colonies as told in Gordon's book The Leaven of the Sadducees. 3. What
* Italics by the reviewer.
78 Book Review. - SJitetatut.
Dr. ]'erm says about the Lutheran Fundamentalists applies in a sense
different from that intended by the author: "The most dangerous foes of
the Church, to-day as always, are to be found within rather than without
its walls" (p. 298). THEODORE GRAEBNER.
The De Sacramento Altaris of William of Ockham. Edited by
T. B1'110e Bi1'oh, Ph. D., D. D., Professor of Philosophy in Witten-
berg College. The Lutheran Literary Board, Burlington, Iowa.
576 pages, 5%X8%. Priee, $7.50.
This well-bound volume with its fine make-up and wide margins de-
serves very favorable mention. It was truly an ambitious undertaking
to offer the full text of Oakham's noted treatise in a critical edition" with
a g'ood English translation, in the style so well brought out in the Loeb
Classical Library. To all those who really wish to do research work con-
cerning the position taken by the noted English scholar, whose influence
upon Luther for a number of years was very marked, will have reason
to be grateful to Dr. Birch for his painstaking and scholarly work. An
exhaustive bibliography, copious notes, and a complete critical apparatus
further increase the value of the book. P. E. KRETZMANN.
God's Gift. By William Dallmann, D. D. Northwestern Publishing House,
Milwaukee, Wis. 248 pages, 4X51h. Price, $1.00. Order from Con-
cordia Publishing House, St. Louis, Mo.
This is the latest book from the busy pen of Dr. Dallmann, a fitting
publication for the holiday season, as the publishers have also indicRted
in their choice of the cover. Here are short meditations, most of them
short enough even for home devotions, on Jesus the Christ, greatest Gift
of all, with the fulness of His divine grRce and blessings. Many epigram-
matic and paradoxical sayings give spice to the presentation. Every reader
of the book is bound to derive true spiritual blessings from a careful medi-
tation on the topics offered on its pages. P. E. KRETZMANN.
Chapters in Church History. By John W. Wayland, Ph. D., Professor
of History in State Teachers' College, Harrisonburg, Va. Fleming
H. Revell 00. 154 pages, 7% X 5. Price, $1.50.
This is, as the publishers declare, a specially prepared text-book for
classes taking a brief course in the history of the Christian Church, for in-
dividual students, Sunday-school teRchers, and "for the general reader of
limited-time opportunity who desires a brief, yet comprehensive outline
of church history." Review questions as well as a list of recommended
readings are given at the end of each chapter. The reader will receive
a fair idea of the contents from the chapter headings: The Apostolic Age,
The Trial by Fire, The Trial by Favor, The Fathers and Their Works, The
Ascetic Age, The Missionary Revival, Empire and 'War, Church and State
in Rival1'y, The Protestant Revolution, Protestant Denominations, Modern
Christian Missions, Contributions of Christianity to Civilization. A five-
page index of naUles and places completes the volnme. Professor Way-
land's doctrinal attitude may be illustrated by this quotation from the
last chapter: -
"Christianity has proved to be more than a religion- it has bccome
a program of life and a motive force for civilization. It has trRllsformed
Book Review. - \literntuc. 79
nations as well as individuals. It has shaped Bocial standards and modi-
fied governments. It has elevated art, ennobled music, sweetened litera-
ture, and humanized law. It has quickened philanthropy, abolished slavery,
and magnified education. It holds out the Golden Rule to industry and
commerce and is seeking to displace war with justice and international
good will. It has not achi€ved its full possibilities, but mnch has been
done. Christianity has never really failed where it has been given a fair
trial, either as a religion 01' as a social program." W. G. POLACK.
'l)a6 !!ftto~lillroer ~efeltnt1tilj lIub fehte lBebetttttno fih: bie &encnluarl.
mtln D. Dr. lID i {~ e {m m 0 {{ cat l), Ulli\Jerjitiigptofel[or in ~t<
{(moen. Ill. ~eid)ettld)e met1agllbud)~aub{\ln\J (D. IIDecner 6d)oU), \leiP3iO.
7S 6eitell 5% X 71f2. q.ltei~: M. 2.50.
£lItfJerlj !!fntcH an bel' Confessio Augustana. ~inc ~iftorlld)e Untetlud)uno
\Jon lID i { { i n m ~ t II It !n n 0 e 1. ~. Q\et!el~mnnn, &lltetll{og. lS4
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men tat bon \l e 0 tt l) n t b5' e n b t. ~. &. lillaUmann, \leiP3i11. 1376el<
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80 Book Review. - l3iterahlt.
~ie ~ugIHjucllifd"e .Il'l,1ufefj1l,1lt: ifjce illeflfJid)te, ifjre fBefcnltcr, ifjre fBe:
bClduug. tJeftfdjtift bon D. 115~. fB a dj man n, l15cofeffoc bet %~eolooie
in ~dongen. I))lit 3We! ~lbbHbun\len. metlag be~ ~bongelifc~en !Bunbes,
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Day by Day with Jesus. .A Clll'istian Calendar for 1931. Editcd by
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