(!Tnurnr~tu
wl1rnlngirul lInutqly
Continuing
Lehre und Wehre (Vol. LXXVI)
Magazin fuer Ev.-Luth. Homiletik (Vol. LIV)
TheoI. Quarterly (1897-1920)-Theol. Monthly (Vol. X)
Vol. I December, 1930 No. 12
CONTENTS
Page
FUERBRINGER, L.: Paulus in Athen ....... ' ............. 881
ENGELDER, TH.: The Active Obedience of Christ ....... 888
GRAEBNER, TH.: Reformed Tendencies in Certain Amer-
ican Lutheran Churches ............................... 897
'BERNER, E.: Abhaltung einer Gemeindevisitation ........ 902
ivruELLER, J. T.: Address on Rom. 14, 7-9 at the Memo-
rial Service for Mr. Erling Teigen......... . . . . . . . . . . .. 911
STREUFERT, F. C.: Pastoral Visits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 916
Dispositionen ueber die von der Synodalkonferenz ange-
nommene Serie alttestamentlicher Texte............... 920
Theological Observer. - Kirchlich-Zeitgeschichtliches. . . . .. 933
Book Review. - Literatur .................................. 953
Em Prediger muss nicht allein weiden,
also dass er die Schafe unterweise, wie
sie rechte Ohristen Bollen sein, sondern
auch daneben den Woelfen wehren, dass
sie die Schafe nicht angreifen und mit
falscher Lehre verfuehren Imd Irrtum ein-
fuehren. - Luthe'r.
Es ist kein Ding, das die Leute mehr
bei der Kirche behaelt denn die gute
Predigt. - Apologie, Art. ~4.
If the trumpet give an uncertain sound,
who shall prepare himself to the battle?
1 Oor.14, 8.
Published for the
Ev. Luth. Synod of Missouri, Ohio, and Other States"
,
CONCORDIA PUBLISHING HOUSE, St. Louis, Mo.,
Theological 0oserver. - jj;hcf)rtcf)'3eitgefcf)id)t1id)es. 933
Theological Observer. - ~irdjndj",8eitgefdjidjtIidje~.
1. .lmtrika.
~u!$ bet iEl)nobe. iUiet bie fitdjIidje ~tlieit untet ben ®tubenten bet
llnibetfitat bei$ ®taatei$ 9lelita£lfa entne~men luit bem ,,®iib~9lelitai$fa~
~iftrift£llioten" ben folgenben IDetidjt au£l bet ~ebet be£l ,,®tubenten~
paftoti$": "IDeibe ®~nobartiftrifte, bet ®iib~ unb bet 9lotb~9lelitai$fa~
~iftrift, ~alien im &uguft ben IDefdjlut gefatt, tie &tlieit untet ben
rut~etifdjen ®tubenten folllie bie ®eeIfotge untet Eut~eranern in ben anbern
offentridjen &nftarten in .2incoln gemeinfam au li etteili en. ~ie ®tubenten"
fdjaft teftutierl lidj aUi$ bem @eliiet lidbet ~ifttifte. @:£l ift batum nut
tedjt unb liillig, bat lieibe ~iftrifte nidjt nut morarifdj, fonbern audj
finanaieU tie &tlieit li etterli en. jffiit finb jett in bet allleiten jffiodje be£l
®djulja~ti$. ~ie meiften Sl>arlen ~at un£l bie Registrar's Office fdjon iiliet"
gelien. IDi£l jett finb etroa 385 Iut~etifdje ®tubenten eingefdjtielien. ~at"
untet liefinben lidj, fOllleit meine Sl>enntni£l jett teidjt, etllla 130 au£l bet
®~nobaIfonfetena. flliet bie SJiilfte ~alie idj fdjon fennengeIernt. ~ie
iilitigen miiffen alienM in i~ten jffio~nungen aufgefudjt roetben. SJoffentridj
~alien bie @:rtern obet &mt£llitiibet e£l nidj! un±etIaffen, mit tie 9lamen
bet neuen ®±uben±en anaugelien. jffienn fordje 9ladjtidjten fe~Ien, bauet± e£l
oft range, lii£l idj tie lietreffcnben Eeute finbe. @:£l betIautet, bat tie
®djiiIetaa~I in biefem ®emeftet etroa 300 getinget fei ali$ im etften
®emeftet be£l betgangenen ~a~te£l. &udj bie Iut~etifdje Eif±e ift etroa£l
fIeinet aI£l im botigen ~a~te. ~ai$ mmmt roo~I bon ben ,fdjredj±en BeUen'
im Eanbe. ~an metft audj, bat bieIe ®tubenten &tlieit fudjen. ~o
miigIidj, atlieiten fie btei lii£l biet ®tunben tiigridj, um fidj bie ~a~raeiten
au betbienen. jffienn bie &tliei±i$ftunben am &lienb finb, i:lann fiinnen bie
jungen .l3eute unfete IDiliemaffe nidjt liefudjen. ~an finbet jebe£l ~a~t
dne &naa~I, bie unfete j8etfammlungen gerne liefudjen roiitbe, aliet butdj
&tliei± alige~arten lllitb. ~et ®±uben±enpaftot mut lidj bann bamit lie~
gniigen, foldje ®tubenten ptibatim au fptedjen unb fie aum tegeImiitigen
IDefudj bet fonn±agridjen @otte£ltienfte au etma~nen. @ott gelie audj in
tiefem;sa~te feinen ®egen au unfetet &tlidtI" ~. ~.
Retractationes Populi Americani. - Poultney Bigelow, the author
of historical books, went to Doorn this year to confess his wrong in accept-
ing and spreading the story of Germany's war guilt. For ten years he
had been studying the documents relative to the matter. The leader of the
band which prevented David Starr Jordan from delivering an address in
Baltimore in 1917 against the entrance of the United States into the war
was Carter G. Osborne, Jr. Mr. Osborne served in the war with distinction,
is now editor of the ]Jlode1-n World (Baltimore), and in an open letter
addressed to Dr. Jordan confesses that Dr. Jordan was right and he himself
wrong. Former Senator Robert L. Owen declared in 1927 in his book The
Russian Imperial Oonspiracy: "Such a confession [that Germany had im-
posed war on the Allies], so extorted, has in history no equal in the mag-
nitude of its injustice. This confession of gnilt should be removed and the
world brought back to understanding, truth, and good will." In the Betroit
News of Augnst 28, 1927, Cyril Arthur PIa yes says concerning this book:
934 Theological Observer. - .Ritc91ic9~3eit\Jefc9ic9mcges.
"The value of Senator Owen's contribution is that he is not a professional
historian. . .. But he is an American citizen, looking with undisguised
horror at something that has shocked him. His anger is that of Everyman.
His voice is the voice of the public. The terms he employs are in the
common tongue. The fundamentals he declares are those cherished most
dearly by humanity. He is of those who were deceived and who paid."
Similar straightforward declarations are being made by religious writers,
and it is because these men see fit to touch upon the matter while treating
of religion that we reproduce their statements here. In the latest edition
of The Faith by which We Live (thirteenth thousand in circulation)
Charles Fiske, Bishop of Central New York, says: "I trust it will not be
thought flippant if I start this chapter by reminding my readers that
a good many people, back in war days, frequently used most violent
language in declaring what they thought ought to be done to the men who
were responsible for plunging the world into that awful tragedy. Just
what would be a fitting place in which to put them or a fitting sentence
to inflict upon them? In those days we had no doubt as to German guilt.
What ought to become of those who deliberately planned the devastation
of Poland and Armenia, the ruin of Serbia, the outrage against Belgium,
the barbarism in Northern France? What punishment would be considered
adequate for those who were morally responsible for the sinking of the
Lusitania, the murder of Edith Cavell, the crucifixion of captured soldiers,
the enslavement of industrial workers, the ravishing of women, the mutila-
tion of children, the deliberate destruction of property apart from war
necessities, the ruin of churches, the defilement of altars, and the host of
other horrors that marked the war? By this time the violence of our
prejudices has died down, and we are not quite so sure that all the sin
was on one side or all tales true" (p. 301). Dr. William Adams Brown
declares in Beliefs that Matter. A Theology for Laymen (1928): "We
had a vivid illustration of this transfer of responsibility during the war.
There was no doubt then in anybody's mind that a great sin had been
committed and that repentance was needed. But it was not England, or
France, or Russia, or Italy who had sinned, least of all the United States,-
but Germany. Those who were living in Germany at the time would have
heard Germans saying the same thing of the Allies" (p. 128). S. Parkes
Cadman, in Answ61's to Eve1'y-day Questions (1930): "Whole societies can
occasionally turn berserker and jeopardize our boasted civilization. If you
still doubt this, read the description of scenes which were witnessed in every
capital and province of hostile states in the late summer of 1914. It was
then that a large part of the world went mad" (p.328). The popular
preacher Rev. Wm. L. Stidger said to a lady who spoke of "the bestial
Germans": "I was not aware that a single human being still existed in the
United States who still nourishes the war hatred, the foolish war hatred
of ten years, fomented by propaganda." The article in which he relates
this incident appeared in the OMistian Herald and, translated, in Der
OMistliche Apologete of April 2, 1930. It characterizes the English propa-
ganda as being based mostly on deliberate falsehoods, and the writer frankly
states: "It appears to me that we all behaved just about alike during the
war, with the same cruelty on one side as on the other, and with just the
same humanity."
Theological Observer. - Stitc!)HC!)~8eitgefc!)tc!)tlic!)e~. 935
Reviewing a book by George Sylvester Viereck entitled Spreading
Germs of Hate, the Christian Century says: "Only those need be ignorant
who want to be ignorant of the part that false propaganda played in heating
us all to the fighting point during the war. Sir Philip Gibbs was the first
to tell the discreditable truth to England. General Crozier has recently
told more of it. It is pretty well known how effectively and with how
little regard for truth George Creel's publicity organization did its work.
Colonel House, in his calm and dispassionate manner, has told how large
a part was played by our campaign to break down German morale. The
excited and exciting lectures of Dr. Hillis (with faked illustrations) are
classified where they belong, as literature of the imagination. George
Viereck, who was in the thick of the thing through the whole war, now
reveals, with a degree of detail not heretofore given, the extent of the cam-
paign waged in this country for creating hatred of the Germans. His book
comes close to being a demonstration of the proposition that you can't
have war and truth at the same time, as General Crozier shows that you
can't have war and morality of any other sort." E.
jill!) ~nlmtt~? :In feinem ,,91el1) glorfer [lrief" im "Qu±~. ~erolb"
fdjreibt b. [l. uber ben im ~[uguft bon ®Iiebern unferer ®l)nobe ge~aItenen
Luther Day in ()cean ®robe, 91. :J., unter anberm, lllie foIg±: ,,~ieberum
~at bie IDCiffourifl)nobe i~ren fogenannten Luther Day in ()cean ®robe,
91. :J., abge~aIten, unb alllar mit aUBergelllo~nIidjem @:rfoIg. . .. ~ier ~aben
lllir Iut~erifdje§ [lefenn±nw in boUenbeter \'Yorm .. " fftegdmiiBig bebauern
roir ben Umftanb unferer 2erfpIitterung, lllenn roir bon biefem groBen ;;tag
in 91etu :Jerfel) Iefen ober audj babei gelllefen finb. ®o groB unb erfoIgreidj
ber 5tag audj ift, er lonnie nodj bebeutenb groBer fein, lllenn man e§ Iernen
lonnie, ®djuIter an ®djuIter au marfdjieren. Qeiber lllirb aber aUf :Ja~re
~inau§ feine i'lnberung eintreten in bief em lBer~iiItni§. lBide unf erer eige~
nen ®Iieber llliiren baau berei±, audj gar bieIe inner~alb ber Whffouri"
fl)nobe. Woer e§ ~apert immer tuieber an irgenbeiner maBgeoenben ®±eUe."
SDaau bemerft bie fftebaftion: ,,~ie fonnen lllit: in firdjIidjer [leaie~ung
mit foldjen ®djuIter an ®djuIter aufammenge~en, bie un§ ~anaeI~ unb
Wbenbma~f§gemeinfdjaft, fogar ®ebe±§gemeinfdjaft offiaieU berllleigern'?"
2111ei ~orrefturen au borfte~enbem burften aur @:rfiiirung be§ "lBer~
~iiItniffe§" alllifdjen WUffouri unb ber lBereinigten Qut~erifdjen Sfirdje bienen.
2uniidjft moge gefag± fein, baB nidjt nur "gar bide inner~aIb bet: IDCiffouri~
fl)nobe" bereit finb, ,,®djurter an ®djuIter" mit ber U. L. C. "aufammen"
auge~en", fonbern audj bie ganae WUffourifl)nobe. SDie IDCiffourifl)nobe ~at
niimIidj bie @:igen±umIidjfeit, baB fie cine \'Yrieben§fl)nobe ift, bie mit aUen
Qu±~eranern "aufammenge~en" modj±e. ®ie fteu± fidj badber bon ~eraen,
baB fie mit Qu±~eranern in SDeu±fdjlanb, jjSolen, WufiraIien, [lrafiIien, Wrgen~
iinien, :Jnbien, a:~ina, ben lBereinig±en ®taa±en Uflll. aufammenge~en barf,
unb bitte± @lott bon ~eraen, baB biefe§ 2ufammenge~en audj in 2ufunft
gefdje~en moge, unb alllar me~r unb me~r. SDa§ ift bie cine ~orref±ur.
SDie anbere ift biefe: :In ber IDCiffourifl)nobe gio± e§ fcine "maBgebenbe
®teUe", bie bafUr berantlllortridj if±, baB e~ mit bem 2ufammenge~en mit
gellliffen ®l)noben ,,~aper±". SDie IDCiffourifl)nobe ~a± niimIidj bie @:igew
iumIidjfei±, baB fie burdj unb burdj bemorratifdj ifi; bie ®emeinben mit
i~ren jjSaftoren beftimmen, llla~ gefdje~en foU, ober, um e~ nodj anber§
au~aubrucfen, bie ®i)nobe ~anbeIt af§ foldje. SDamit nidji eillla gebJiffe
936 Theological Observer. - ~itcl)ficl)'3eit(lefd)icl)mcl)es.
~rofefforen au miidjtig in iljr Illerben, finb fie burdj eine ~onftitution~~
lieftimmung "faItgefteIIt". !!Bii~renb niimIidj ber fdjIidj±efte lr~rift ftimmen
barf, barf fcIOft ber gele~riefte t~eologifdje~ofeffor aUf ber ®t)nobalber~
fammlung feinen ®timmaet±eI liefommen. :1la£l ift bie 31lleite ~orreftut.
Ulier ba entfte~t nun bie Brage: ,,!!Bo ~avert' £l benn ~ !!Bo~er bie
~rennung alllifdjen ben lieiben genannten ®LJnoben~ Un biefer ~rennung
ift nidjt bie lmiffourift)nobe fdjulb. :1lie ganae lmiffourift)nobe fte~t niimIidj
fo, bat in bemfeIlien UugenliIid', Illo fidj eine anbere ®t)nobe mit lmunb
unb ~at au fdjrift~ unb liefenntni$gemiiter Ee~re unb ~ra,t;i$ berfte~±, fie
mit einer foldjen ®t)nobe ,,3ufammenge~t" unb ,,®djuIter an ®djur±er
marfdjiert". !!Bo aoer inner~aIO ciner ®t)nobe ober ciner )Berliinbung
biele ~aftoren au ben Eogen ge~oren, bon ben ®emeinbegIiebern gar nidjt
au reben; roo geroiffe ~aftoren unerfdjrod'en falfdje 2e~re unb ~ra,t;i$ ber~
ire±en; Illo ganae ®emeinben unb ®emeinbefomvle,t;e einem Unioni~mu~
~ulhlgen, ber aUf eine )BerIeugnung be~ !!Borie~ ®otte~ ~inau~Iiiuf±; Illo
man feinen ®vott bariilier ~at, Illenn getDiffen Eeuten i~r mefenn±ni~ ein
(trnft ift; tura, Illo eine rut~erifdje ®t)nobe 31llar ben ~amen Iut~erifdj
fU~rt, alier in Ee~re unb ~ra,t;i~ nidj± boll unb ganti Iu±~erifdj fein Illill:
ba marfdjiert bie lmiffourift)nobe nidjt ®djur±er an ®djur±er, oliroo~r fie
ben "Umftanb ber 3erfvHtterung" auf~ tieffte liebaueri. :1la~ lmanfo in
ber U. L. O. ift bie "matgelienbe ®±eIle", Illo e~ ,,~averi". ®olialb biefe~
lmanfo roeggetan Illirb, Illirb audj in ber U. L. O. "Iut~erifdje~ mefenntni~
in bollenbeter Borm" erfdjaIIen, unb bann marfdjieri getDit lmiffouri mit
i~r ®djuIter an ®djur±er. ~. ~. lm.
~ie Sjeilung be£l e;diaben~. ®eIegentridj ber 3entenarfeier ber 2e~r~
anftalt in lrolumliu~, 0., rourbe bon ber o~iofdjen "Sfirdjenaeitung" ber
lmiffourift)nobe, refv. ber ®t)nobaIfonferena, "calbinifierenbe ~rrle~re" au~
gefdjrielien unb lie~auvte±, bie ;O~ioft)nobe fei im ~a~re 1881 au~ ber
®t)nobaIfonferena gellliffen~~aIOer au~geire±en, um b~ manner be~ Iut~e~
rifdjen mefenn±niffe~ ~odjau~ar±en. !!Bir unfererfeit~ madjten barauf auf~
merffam, bat im 2elien ber ;Of)ioft)nobe tilllei ~erioben au unterfdjeiben
fcien: cine ~eriobe ber itliereinftimmung mit ber ®t)nobaIfonferena unb
ber Iut~erifdjen Ee~re unb eine ~eriobe ber 2o~fagung bon ber ®t)nobaI~
fonferena unb ber entfdjiebenen )Berlllerfung be~ rut~erifdjen mefenntniffe~
in ben fireitigen 2e~rvunften, niimIidj in ber 2e~re bon ber mefe~rung unb
®nabenllla~r. :1liefe i\llleiVeriobige 2e~rftellung liellliefen Illir burdj 3itate
au~ o~iofdjen ~ulimationen. Uu~ ben 3itaten ging ~erbor: ~n ber erften
~eriobe ~iert bie ®tJnobe an ber sola gratia in ber 2e~re bon ber me~
fe~r:ung unb ®nabentDa~I feft. ®ie fartb buf)er uudj mit ber ~onforbien~
former ba~ ®e~eimni$, aUf ba£l Illir liei biefer Ee~re ftoten unb ba£l Illir
in biefem 2elien nidj± Iofen fonnen, in ber ~atfadje: ,,(tiner Illirb berftod'±,
berlilenbet, in berfe~rien ®inn gegelien; ein anberer, fo lllo~I in gleidjer
®dju!b, Illirb Illieberum liefe~re±." Ulier in ber allleiten ~eriobe fam e~
inner~aIO ber ;O~iofl)nobe tiU fe~r en±fdjiebener )Berlllerfung ber sola gratia
unb ®riinbung ber mefe~rung unb ®eIigfeit aUf ben lmenfdjen feIOyt, niim~
Iidj aUf be~ lmenfdjen "redj±e~" )Ber~aIten. (t~ fam au liXuterungen tDie
biefe: ,,!!Bit ~ar±en e~ fUr undjriftridj unb ~eibnifdj, roenn man fagt, bat
bie lllirfHdje (trIangung ber bon ®ott fUr aile lmenfdjen boillommen lie~
reite±en unb ernftridj lieftimmten ®eIigfeit in feiner ~infidjt bom mer~
~ar±en be~ lmenfdjen ber ®nabe ®ot±e~ gegeniilier, fonbem in ieber ~infidjt
Theological Observer. - .reitd)Hd)".8eitgefd)id)tHd)e§. 937
allein bon &ot± abfjiingig iei. @;in ~aftor, ber einer foldjen gottrofen Eefjre
gemiifl jJrebigt unb @)eelforge ireibi, ift ein )!Bolf unb 5reufegajJofter, ber,
fo biel an ifjm ifi, bie ifjm befofjlenen @)eeIen nur in @)idjerfjeit unb eltJige~
~erberben ffrfjren fann." (S'Nrdjenaig. 1885, @). 76.) SDie miffourifdje Eefjre,
ball bie @)eIigfeii allein bon &ot±e~ &nabe unb nidjt audj bom ~erfjarten
be~ menfdjen abfjiinge, fei "bie eigen±ridje Ouinieffena ber ganaen calbini~
fdjen )!BafjUefjre". (,{3eitbL 1888, @). 144.) )!Bir fjaben bie borftefjenben
2itate nodjmag bruden Iaffen, weir bie ofjiofdje "S'Nrdjenaeitung" in neuefter
2eii ltJieberfjort bon calbinifierenber Eefjre miffouri~ gerebe± fjat.
mei ber mefdjreibung ber altJei ~erioben ber :0 fj i 0 f t) n 0 h e ltJiefen
ltJir augleidj barauf fjin, baf3 ltJir her ~ 0 ItJ aft) n 0 h e in bem @)treit um
bie Eefjre bon ber mefefjrung unb &nahenwafjI n i dj i eine altJeifadje ~eriobe
aUfdjreiben fijnnten. ~ieImefjr fjabe bie ~owaft)nobe in biefem @)treit "bon
allem 2fnfang an entfdjieben bie Eefjre bemeten, baf3 be~ menfdjen me~
fefjrung unb @)eIigfeit unb bafjer audj feine eWige @;rltJiifjlung bom men~
fdjen felbft abfjiinge, niimIidj bon be~ menfdjen ,@)elbftentfdjeibung' flir ober
ltJiber bie &nabe." SDiefe memerfung fjat bie i 0 ItJ a i f dj e "S'NrdjIidje
2eitfdjrif±" beranlaf3t, in ber @)ejJtembernummer b.~. einen 2frtifeI au ber~
ijffentridjen unter ber ftberfdjrift "SDie )!Bieberfjolung einer faIfdjen 2fn~
fIage bon feiten ber miffouriflJnobe".
~n hiefem 2frtifel ltJirb ltJieberfjort bie 2fnfIage erfjoben, baf3 miifouri,
baltJ. D. )!Bartfjer, in ben 2fu~hrud "Selbftentfdjeibung" mefjr fjineingeIegt
fjabe, aI~ mit medjt gefdjefjen fonnte. SDer 2fu~brucf iei ioltJaifdjerfeit~
bon 2fnfang an fo bor;idjtig erfIiirl worben, haf3 ifjn fein efjrIidjer menfdj
mif3berftefjen, b~ift, aI~ @)t)nergi~mu~ a~brfrcfenh, beaeidjnen lonnie.
SDagegen ift 5ratfadje, ball )!Bartfjer fidj nidjt in fieinIidjer, fritifluftiger
)!Beife an ben blof3en 2fu~brucf ,,@)elb;tentfdjeibung" gefjiingt fjat. @;r gab
bieImefjr au, ber 2fu~brucf fOnne in einem geltJiffen @)inne augeIaffen ltJerben.
)!Bartfjer fagt in bem liingeren 2frtifeI bom ~afjre 1872: ,,@)ome mit ber
,freien', ,eigenen @;n±fdjeibung' nur ba~ gefagt ltJerben, baf3 ber menfdj
nidjt geawungen befefjrl werbe, ball in ber mefefjrung audj be~ menfdjen
)!Bille aum )!Bollen beltJegt ltJerbe unb baf3 e~ ber menfdj felbft iei, ber ba
gIauDt, fo Iief3e fidj ba~ ltJofjI fjijren." (R u. )!B. 1872, @). 257.) 2fber
)!Bartfjer ltJeift nadj, baf3 Mefe gute SDeutung be~ 2fu~brucf~ hurdj ben 2u~
iammenfjang unmegIidj gemadji fei. SDie ,,@)elbftentfdjeibung" Wirb niimIidj
bon ber niifjeren @;rfIiirung begfeitei, baf3 in .be~ menfdjen @)elbftentfdjei~
bung "f fr r ober Wiber bie ifjm bon ~fjrifto angebotene &nabe fein eWige~
@)djicffal ltJuraert" , baf3 ~ot± e~ bon ber @;ntfdjeibung be~ menfdjen ab~
fjiingen fiif3t, "weifen er fidj erbarmen unb ltJen er ber;tocfen ltJerbe".
(monat~fj. 5,87 f.) ~Iar ltJirb in Mefen )!Borlen nidjt nur bie @;ntfdjeibung
g e g e n bie &nabe, fonbern audj bie @;ntfdjeibung f ii r bie &nabe au~ ber
,,@)elbftentfdjeibung" be~ menfdjen fjergeleitet. 2fber nur @)elbftentfdjei~
bung g e g en bie &nabe ift redjte Eefjre. SDer menfdj fjat reidjIidj EUft
unb ~raft au hem "gegen", 1 ~or. 1,23; 2fjJoft. 7, 51. 2fber @)elbftentfdjei~
bung f fr r bie &nabe ift falfdje Eefjre, ltJeiI fie bem unbefefjrlen menfdjen
eine ,£;linneigung aum @;oangeIium aufdjreilit, wiifjrenb bie @)djrift Iefjrl,
baf3 b~ @;bangeIium bem natfrrIidjen menidjen eine 5r 0 r fj e i i iii, gegen
bie her menfdj iidj entfdjieben ablefjnenb berfjiirt. 2fudj D. @)teIIfjorn (in
feiner erften ~eriobe) ltJie~ hie @)elbftentfdjeibung f fr r ba~ @;bangeIium
ag idjriftltJibrig ab, "ltJeir fie gegen bie bibIiidje Eefjre bon her erbfiinb~
938 Theological Observer. - ~itcl)ficl)~,()eitgeiclJi~m~es.
Iidjen merberb±fjeit in defectu berf±ott" (IDconaHifj. 5, 348), ba£i ift, nidjt
feftfjiift, bat ber na±ilrfidje IDCenfdj bor feiner Q)eiefjrung bem 05lJangefium
f ei n b Ii dj gefinnt if±.
~ie ,,3eitfdjrif±" erinnert ferner an bie aafjlreidjen ®±eUen in iotuai~
fdjen ®djrifien, in benen fIar gefagt ift, bat ber IDCenfdj fein .\)eH gana
nnb gar ber @nabe @otte£i lJerbanfe. \lfudj ba£i gab )fiartfjer au. ~n
iottJaifdjen ®djrif±en ttJerbe bon ber freien @nabe @otte£i fo fjerdidj ge~
rebet, bat fidj ba£i .\)era iebe£i anfridj±igen 2utfjeraner£i barilber freuen
milffe. Wber )fiartfjer fonnte audj ntdjt umfjin, bar aUf fjinauttJeifen, bat
un m i ± ± e I bar neb en bem 20bprei£i ber sola gratia )fior±e ftefjen ttJie
biefe: ,,:Db ber IDCenfdj fefig tuttb ober i1edorengefjt, ba£i berufj± i m I e ~ ~
± en @ run b e aUf be£i IDcenfdjen freier, eigener 05ntfdjeibung filr ober
11liber bie @nabe." (IDConaHifj. 5, 49.) )fiartfjer fonn±e bafjer audj nidjt
umfjin au urteHen, e£i fi5erbe burdj biefen 3ufa~ @ot± bie 05fjre, bat er un£i
aUein fefig madje, genommen unb "biefe 05fjre altln 5teH, ia, infofern bie
®efigieit unb ba£i '05rbarmen @o±±e£i ,im fe~ten @runbe unb einaig unb
aUein' bon bem merfjarten, niimridj bon ber freien perfonridjen ®ellif±~
entfdjeibung be£i IDcenfdjen, abfjiingen unb barin gegrilnbet fein unb ttJur~
aeln foU, bem IDCenfdjen eigentridj g a n a gegeben". (2. u. )fi. 1872, ®. 322.)
~ie ,,3eitfdjrift" erinnert ferner baran, bat iottJaifdjerfei±£i bon aUem
Wnfang an audj @ e fj e i m n iff e in ber 2efjre bon ber Q)efefjrung unb
@nabenttJafjI ancrfann± 11l0rben feten. Wudj ba£i iff ttJafjr: ~ottJaifdjerfeit£i
ttJurben nidjt bIot e i n ober cinige, fonbern fogar "unaiifjfige", "aafjHofe"
@efjeimniffe in @o±±e£i )fiel±regierung unb in ber 2enfling be£i 2eben£i ber
einaeInen .9JCenfdjen anedannt. (.9)eonaHifj. 5,81 f.) \lfber n i dj ± anerfannt,
fonbern af£l caIlJinifttfdjer ~rrtnm lJerttJorfen 11lurbe ba£i @efjeimni£i b e £i
I u ± fj e r i f dj en Q) e fen n t n iff e £i. ,9(;adj unferm httfjerifdjen Q)efenn±~
ni£i fieg! ba£i @efjeinmi£i in ber 5tatfadje: ,,05iner ttJirb lJerf±ocft, lJerblenbet,
in i1edefjrten @:linn gegeven; ein anberer, fo ttJofjI in gleidjer ®djulb, ttJirb
ttJieberum befefjret." IDCit anbern )fioiten: l1nfere StonforbienformeI finbe±
ba£i @efjeimni£i in ber 5tatfadje, bat bon attJei lla£i 05lJangeHum fjorenben
.9JCenfdjen einer befefjd unb fefig ttJirb, ber anbere aber unbefefjd bIeibt
unll i1edoren gefjt. ~at in biefer 5tatfadje cin in biefem 2eben unbegreif~
fidjc£i @efjeimni£i borIiegt, beg r ii n bet bie ~onforbienformer mit ber
5tatfadje, bat aUf feiten ber attJei 3ufjorer nidjt cin berfdjiebene£i mer~
fjarten, fonbern ba£i gfeidj ilbIe merfjarten, nidjt eine berfdjiebene ®djulb,
fonbern bie gfeidje ®djuIb borrtegt. WngefidjHi bicfer 5tatfadje be£i gleidj
ilbIen merfjarten£i unb ber gIeidjen ®djulb forbed ba£i fu±fjerifdje Q)efennt~
ni£i, bat bie Q)eantttJortung ber ~rage: )fiofjer lommi e£i, bat "ciner ttJirb
berftocft, ... ber anbere, fo ttJofjI in gIcidjer ®djuIb, ttJirb ttJieberum be~
refjret"? in biefem 2even n i e b erg e f dj I age n ttJerbe, mit ber Q)e~
griinllung, bat bie menfdjfidje 05denntni£i in biefem 2eben nidjt ilber .\)of.
13,9 fjinau£ireidje: ,,~£irael, bat bu berbirbeft, bie ®djuIb ift bein; bat
bir aber gefjoIfen wirb, ift fauter meine @nabe." ~ @egenfa~ fjierau
fautete e£i fefjr veftimmt iolllaifdjerfei±£i: ,,05£i ift falfdj, au fagen, bie ~rage,
ttJarum bon attJei ba£i 05bangefium fjorenben .9JCenfdjen ber eine aum @rau~
ben rommt, ber anbere nidjt, ttJerbe bon ben 2utfjeranern niebergefdjlagen.
05£i ift falfdj, 3U fagen, ber l1nterfdjieb attJifdjen ber caflJinifdjen unb ber
Iutfjerifdjen ~riibeftination£ifefjre lei ber, bat bie @:albiniften bie ~rage
bean±ttJorien, bie 2utfjeraner fie nieberfdjlagen." (IDConaHifj. 5, 104.) ,,)fitr
Theological Observer. - .Ritd)1id)~Seitgefd)id)t1id)es. 939
[ZSotoaer] toerben ben @mnb babon, ba13 oei bem einen IDCenfdjen jilliber~
ftteoen unl) ~ob toeggenommen toirb, oei bem anbem nidjt, mit ber &;;lei~
ligen CSdjrift [1] in bem berfdjiebenen ~erljarten be~ IDCenfdjen gegen bie
angeootene @nabe fudjen." (~f. a. D., CS. 103.)
ftorigen~ fudjte jillartljer in freunbIidjem 2ureben bem entg1eiften
gegnerifdjen @efaljd au &;;lUfe au lommen. @r fdjrieo: "jillir finl) toeit
babon entfemt, &;;lerm ~rof. is. aUfnotigen au toollen, ba13 er fidj l)er not~
toenbigen Si'onfequenaen oetou13t toar, ag er jene CSa~e fdjrieli. jillir toerben
un~ bieImeljr bon &;;leraen freuen, toenn er erfIad, ba13 er, ag er fdjrieo,
toa~ er fdjtieo, nidjt baran badjte, toie er bamit ben @runb fellift unter~
graoe unl) umftiitae, aUf llleIdjem er im 2eoen unl) CSteroen fteljen toolle ....
i8ielleidjt ljat feine fa1fdje, un1utljetifdje 2eljrbarftellung barin iljren @mnb,
lllei{ er meinte, tourbe er nidjt @nabenttJalj1, mefeljmng, @lauoen unb
CSeIigfeit bon ber fteien, perfonIidjen CSeIoftentfdjeibung be~ IDCenfdjen ao~
ljangig madjen, fo tourbe er fonfequentertoeife bie erfdjreeflidje ca1binifdje
2eljre bon bem ffiatfdj1u13 einer aofo1uten ~ertoerfung ber UngIiiuoigen
anneljmen muffen, unb toei! ba~ Unoefeljrtli1eioen unb ~er10rengeljen au13er
allem 2toeife! feinen @runb einaig unl) allein in be~ IDCenfdjen freier
eigener @ntfdjeibung ljaoe, fo mUffe bie~ audj im iSall ber m e f e lj run £I
unb be~ CS eli £I to e r ben ~ ftatiljaoen. ,@~ ift bie~ alier ein burdjau~
fa1fdjer ®djlu13." (R u. jill. 1872, ®. 329.)
SDamit beeft jillartljer ben @runl) auf, ber bieIe 2utljeraner in ber 2eljre
bon ber mefeljrung unb @nal)enttJalj1 bon ber 2eljre l)er CSdjrift unb be~
Iutljerifdjen mefenntniffe~ geirennt ljalt. SDer @runb ift ber, ba13 fie au~
ber iSaljigfeit ber ®eIliftentfdjeibung £I e £I en bie @nabe aUf bie iSaljigfeit
ber CSeIOf±entfdjeibung fur bie @nabe fdjIie13en, ober - toa~ ba~feIlie ift-
ba13 fie au~ ber iSaljigfeit be~ lJ1 i dj t to 0 I len ~ ber @nabe auf bie iSaljig~
feit be~ jill 0 I len ~ ber @nal)e fdjIie13en, ag oli ba~ ba~ felliftberf±ii:nb~
Hdjf±e SDing bon ber jillert toare. SDer ~erfudjung, bon bem menfdjIidjen
lJ1idjttoollen aUf ba~ menfdjIidje jillollen ber @nabe au fdjlie13en, finb er~
1egen: @ra~ntU~ unb ber fpatere IDCe1andj±ljon (mit iljrer facultas appli-
candi se ad gratiam), bie mobern~lutljerifdjen ~eologen, bie lieinalje famt~
Iidj (toie 2utljarbt, SDogmatif 10, CS. 270) au~ IDCattlj. 23, 37: "ZSljr ljaot
nidjt getoorrt", aUf ba~ menfdjIidje jillollen ber @nabe fdjIie13en. 2fudj
iotoaifdjerfeit~ ljie13 e~ (WConaglj. 5, 103): "jillir ljarten un~ an ba~ jillod
.be~ &;;l@rm ~ljriftu~, toeIdjer benen, bie berlorengeljen, auruft: ,ZSljr ljalit
nidjt getoorrt.'" SDer CSdjht13 bom lJ1idjtttJollen aUf ba~ jillollen ljat fidj audj
in .ba~ ,,()pgjor" ber lJ10rttJeger eingefdjIidjen, toenn fie bon be~ WCenfdjen
,,~eranttoortridjreit~gefuljr" nidjt li1013 fur bie ~ e r ttJ e r fun £I ber @nabe,
fonbem audj fur bie 2f n n a lj m e ber @nabe reb en. SDie jillor±e be~
,,()pgjor": ,,~eranttoormdjfeit~gefUlj1 gegenulier ber 2fnnaljme 0 b e r i8er~
toerfung ber @nal)e", eraeugen ben @ebanfen, ag oli e~ liei bem WCenfdjen
b 0 r ber mefeljrung irgenblllo ober irgenlltoann einen 2eitpunft ober 2u~
ftanb galie, too er fidj, toie fUr bie ~ertoerfung, fo audj fur bie 2f n ~
n a lj m e ber @nabe entfdjeiben tonne.
@~ fteljt toaljrljaftig fo: jillir 2utljeraner 11lerben in ber 2eljre bon
ber mefeljrung unl) bom CSeIigtoerben einanber faum naljer fommen, fo~
lange toir un~ nidjt baljin geeinigt ljalien, ben CSdj1u13 bom lJ1idjttoollen
ber @nabe aUf lla~ jillollen bet @nabe au u n t e r I a f fen. 2fudj
nodj fpatere Iutljerifdje SDogmatifer toamen bor biefem