ROUGHLY EDITED COPY CHURCH HISTORY 02 May 27, 2005 31 CH2 CAPTIONING PROVIDED BY: CAPTION FIRST, INC. P.O. BOX 1924 Lombard, IL 60148 1 800 825 7234 * * * * * This is being provided in a rough draft format. Communication Access Realtime Translation (CART) is provided in Order to facilitate communication accessibility and may not be a totally verbatim record of the proceedings * * * * >> I'm still struck by the sharp disagreements between Luther and Zwingly. What happened to Zwingly and his Reformation after the Marburg Colloquy? Were his followers ever reconciled with the Lutherans? >> Well, the answer to that is no, they weren't. The two branches of Protestantism would continue to develop each in its own direction. As far as Zwingly was concerned, in spite of the failure to effect a united front against the Catholics, he returned to Switzerland determined that his former Protestantism to maintain his former Protestantism and to help it spread into other parts of Switzerland, as well and, in fact, already by that time, there were other places, other cities in Switzerland that had embraced the Reformed view of Christianity, but there were still other places where Catholicism, Medieval Catholicism, held strong. As a result, some friction had broken out between the two sides. There had been some persecution of Protestants. One man had been executed for destroying the sacred images. And then there had been persecution of Catholics on the other side. So increasingly, the Swiss confederation was being threatened by religious divisions. In fact, things had gotten so bad that the Catholic territories had actually struck an alliance with the Hapsburgs. Now, they were the hereditary opponents of the Swiss in the late Middle Ages. So this was viewed as particularly threatening by the Reformed territories of Switzerland, led, of course, by Zurich. Well, at one point the Protestants had said to the Catholics that they had to break off their relationship with the Hapsburgs, and then they had imposed an economic boycott upon the Catholic parts of Switzerland. So we have some now concrete steps taken toward pressuring the Catholic parts of Switzerland to yield to the reformed Protestant parts. Well, the Catholics decided to strike back with force. They actually launched a military force, about 8,000 men, to attack Zurich in 1531. Zurich was not particularly prepared for the attack, but they were able to muster a counterforce of about 1500 to go out and to fight the Catholic Swiss who were coming against them. In that battle, Zwingly accompanied the forces of Zurich as a soldier. Helmet and a sword and so forth. And in the battle, not only did the side from Zurich lose and lose pretty badly, Zwingly died. Died fighting for his city, died fighting for his religion. And as we said before, for Zwingly, the two were pretty closely united. When the battle was over and his enemies identified his corpse, they saw to it that nobody would make a Protestant saint out of Zwingly. They quartered his body and then burned it, scattering the ashes so that no remains of Zwingly were left. Luther, for his part, when he heard that Zwingly had died fighting for the faith basically thought Zwingly had gotten what he had deserved. This was not something you're supposed to do as far as Luther was concerned. The faith was to be spread by the word, not by military force. The Reformation, however, in Zurich did not come to an end. The Catholic forces were in no position actually to conquer Zurich and other Protestant territories. But they were able to impose a peace. It is the Peace of Kappel. And by the provisions of this peace in 1531, basically Protestantism had to back off from expanding into other parts of Switzerland. Certain territories, therefore, would remain Protestant. Other territories would remain Catholic. And the Swiss confederation would, from that day to this, be divided into Protestant and Catholic territories. * * * * * This is being provided in a rough draft format. Communication Access Realtime Translation (CART) is provided in Order to facilitate communication accessibility and may not be a totally verbatim record of the proceedings * * * *