Miscellanea. 295 fommen ift, um fjier in ®rfiiUung b e ~ ) I D o r t ~ ber ) I D e i ~ f a g u n g , ~ e f . 53, ben ~ a m p f mit @:liinbe, :iteufeI unb ~ o b aufaunefjmen. )IDie bollftanbig er ben @:lieg babongetragen fjat, vC3eu9t 1 ~ o t . 15, 54-57. ~ e ~ sum j 8 e w e i ~ ftanb er am britten ~ a g e aUf au neuem unb ullbergangIidjem Eeven, ffiom. 6, 9. 10. @:lo ift toafjr, w a ~ ~ o f j . 11,25.26 ftefjt. ®fauven wir b a ~ nur feft unb gewif3. ~ n ifjm aUein, in ifjm alier audj gans gewif3, fjalien wir Eeven unb ~ u f e r f t e f j u n g . )IDie wit fjoften, burdj ifjn an ber S)ettIidjfeit b e ~ sufiinftigen E e l i e n ~ teifsuneljmen, ;0 faBt u n ~ i e ~ t fdjon in einem neuen Eeven wanbeln, bamit wit nidjt burdj @3iinbenbienft un£5 bon iljm r o ~ r e i f 3 e n , ber ba aUcin 1ft bie ~ u f e r f t c l j u n g unb b a ~ Eeven. ~ . E . Miscellanea. ~ e f ; t o b e ~ t n g U l t f e f ~ . \ ) e i r n n b e ~ + @3d)on feit geraumer Bcit fJat man aUf @runD berfd)iebener j B e r e d ) ~ nungen ben ; : r o b e ~ t a g b e ~ . \ j e H a n b e ~ in b a ~ ~ a l j r 30, unb illtJar aUf ben 7. WprtI, gelegt. 60 aud) auf ber feinen ~ a f e I , Die bon ~ e p l j a r t angefertigt unD ber People's Bible Encyclopedia eingefiigt ltJurbe. :tlie friiljeren m e ~ recljnungen o e t r e f f ~ b e ~ S D a t u ~ lja'oen in ben I e ~ t e n ~ a l j r e n ltJeitere m e ~ ftiitigung gefunben, fo auclj fonbedid) in einem wrtHer bon Il5rof. D. n ~ l t J a r b @ e t l j a r b t ~ j B e r n n , ber in "tyorfd)ungen unb tyortfd)ritte" bom 20. tyeoruar 1931 fo fd)reiot: ,,,SDa§ ~ r e u s bon @oIgatlja f d)eibet bie !!BeHgef d)idjtc in oltJei :iteiIe', fo ljaite einft St:. bon .\jafe bie jBebeutung be§ ::tobe§ ([ljrifn priiaifier±. @3djl1Jcrfid) ltJorrte er bie tyorberung auftteUen, baf3 bie ([ljronologie ber !!BcUgefdjidjte in hie BltJei ;reiIe ,bor unb nad) bem ::tobe ([ljrifti' georbne± wetbe; ba§ wiire bamag unmogIid) geltJefen, ba man nicljt ltJuf3te, 00 bie SfreuoigUng im ~ a l j r e 29, 30,31,32, 33 ober gat 35 ftattgefunben ljiiite ... \Eon ben @3cljltJierigfeiten, bie liclj bet jBered)nung be£l ~ o b e £ l j a l j r e £ l entgegen" fteUen, fann fid) ber Eaie faum eine \EorfteUung macljen. 1. ~ 0 5 f U i 3 oegann feine iiffen±riclje !!Bitfatnfeit naclj bem erften Wuftre±en ~ o l j a n n i £ l be£l : i t i i u ~ fer£l, bai3 Eufai3 batiert ,im 15. ~ a l j r e ber .\jerrfcljaft be§ St:aifer£l :itiberiui3'. :tla Wugllftlli3 am 19. Wugllft 14 n. ([ljr. [13 n. ([ljt.?] geftoroen ltJar, 10 fonnte bai3 15. ~ a l j r be§ :itifJeriui3 bai3 bon Wuguf± 28 fJii3 Wuguft 29 oDer Da§ ~ a l j r 28 ober 29 fein [eljer 27 ober 26]. 05ine bierte WCoglicljfeit, hie :rioeriu£ljaljre au aiiljlen, ergao ficlj au§ ber :ratfaclje, baB :rioeriu§ au Eeo" seHen be§ Wuguftu§ burd) ein @ e f e ~ bem Sfaifer in ber \EetltJaHung aUer Il5robinaen unb im .\jeere§fommanbo gIeicljgefterrt wurbe. 05§ finb WCiinaen borljanben, Deren legenda Da§ ~ a l j r 12 n. ([ljt. a I § ~ a l j r 1 De§ :rtberiui3 oeac.icljnet, inbem fie I e ~ t e r e § bem ;;saljre 43 bet Wftifcljen \!Tta g l e i c l j f e ~ e n . Bu Diefer 8iiljlung ber :itifJerhl§ialjre ltJar man in bet Il5robina g e f e ~ n c l j oered)tigt; fic ift auclj gelegentIid) bon Wutoren Der erften ~ a l j r l j u n b e r t e innegefjalten ltJorben. SDemnaclj trat ~ o f j a n n e i 3 ber :itiiufer im ~ a l j r e 26 11. ([ljr. auf, unb bie :raufe ~ 0 5 f u ltJar 26/27. .\jiequ ftimmt genau hie Wngabe im bierten 05bangelium ( ~ o f j . 2, 13-20), baB ~ ® f u § naclj feiner :itaufe aum erften WCale in ~ e r u f a f e m ltJar, ag ,am )tempe! 46 ~ a l j r e g e ~ 296 Miscellanea. vau± tom:', b ~ ~ e i f 3 ± , im ~ t i i ~ j a ~ t 27. 2. SDie SDauer bet offentHdjen jillitffamfeit ;'5(§fu laf3t fidj Cll§ bem ;soljanne£lebangeHum vetedjnen; fie vetrug mnb 3% [veffet 3%,] ;saljte. !8gr. audj Euf. 13, 6-9 unb 34. 3. jilliII man avet bie vivHfdjen 2Ingaven nidj± lJteffen, fonbern aIle W l o g H d j ~ fei±en bet 2Iu£llegung vetiiclfidjtigen, fo etgtb± fidj, baf3 filt Die Sheuaigung ein£l bon ben filnf ;saljten 29-33 in l!3e±tadj± fomm±, baf3 abet anbete ; s a ~ t e gana aU£lfdj eib en. 4. ;S(§fU£l f±m:v am ~ t e i t a g im ~ a f f a l j . SDiefe£l ~ e f ± vegann am 14. »lifan; am flJiiten »ladjmittage biefe£l Stage£l vegann ;S(§fU£l mit ben 8toolfen ba£l ~ a f f a l j m ~ l , b ~ fidj vi£l in ben 2Ivenb l j i n e i n ~ aog; am folgenben Stage, ~ t e i t a g , bem 15. »lifan, tourbe et gefteuaigt. ... jilleldjem SDatum unfet£l stalenbet£l entflJridjt ~ t e i t a g , bet 15. » l i f a n ~ 5. SDet etfte Stag be£l jiiDifdjen Wlonai£l toutbe feftgefetlt, toenn nadj bem »leumonb bie junge @5idjel fidj in bet 2Ivenbbiimmemng toiebet aeigte. SDa£l gaIt aI£l b ~ bon @loti eingefette 8eidjen, f. ~ f . 104, 19. SDie l!3etedjnung be£l SDatum£l bet Sheuaigung ift alfo letten (§nbe£l eine tein af±tonomifdje 2Iufgave: ;sn toeIdjem bet ;saljte 29-33 fiel nadj bem »leuItdj± bet 1. »lifan fo, baf3 bet 15. ein ~ r e i t a g t o a t ~ 6. SDie etften af±tonomifdjen ~ i I f £ l m i t i e I ~ a t t e ~ . st. @linael geHeferl, inbem et Die » l e u ~ unb !8oIlmonbe jenet ~ a ~ t e filt ; s e t u ~ falem nadj unfetm stalenbet vetedjnete auf Stag, @5iunbe unb Wlinu±e. S D ~ alVeite afttonomifdje ~ i I f £ l m i t t e l , ba£l »leuHdjt, veftimmt man jett nadj einet bon ~ o t l j e t i n g l j a m etfonnenen, bon Wlaunbet, @5djodj unb »leugevauet b e t ~ boIlfommneten Wle±ljobe, inbem man filt ben etf±en, valV. alVeiten, 2fVenb nadj »leumonb Die Wlonbljolje unb ben 2Ivftanb Wlonb -@5onne am t o e f ± ~ Hdjen ~ o t i a o n ± vetedjne±. 7. Wlit ~ i I f e Diefet af±tonomifdjen SData fonnte idj ben jiibifdjen staIenbet fenet ;saljte tefonf±mieren unb nadj e i n g e l j e n b ~ f±et ovjefiibet ~ t i i f u n g aIlet in l!3e±tadj± fommenben Wlomente nadjtoeifen, baf3 Die Sheuaigung ~ t e i t a g , ben 7. 2IlJtiI 30, ftatigefunben ~ a ± . " K. The Pastor as Liturgist. It is not expected that every pastor be a liturgiologist, with a detailed knowledge of the entire science of ligurgics and related fields; for this is such an enormous field that it requires years of intensive application, not to speak of larger works and special monographs, which are found in only comparatively few large' libraries. But every pastor can well manage to become a good liturgist, to be familiar with the liturgy and agenda of his own church-body, to understand the rubrics, to have a proper appreciation of the principles which govern proper decorum in the chancel. It is true that these matters are adiaphora and that Luther was a stout defender of Christian liberty in the matter of these adiaphora. But the same Luther wrote some very emphatic paragraphs in favor of a sensible uniformity in liturgical customs, which we shall do well to heed in our days. (10, 260; 20, 1790; 5, 720.) -It is a comparatively simple matter to become familiar with the rubrics of the various services in public, and it is strongly advisable, to say the least, that the liturgist become expert in following these directions without the slightest show of friction or self-consciousness. It is self-evident that a Lutheran pastor will avoid both extremes, that of being offensively unctious and that of being careless while officiating in the chancel. -It will be well for the liturgist to keep in mind also the difference between sacramental and sacrificial acts. Miscellanea. 297 In the sacrificial acts of every kind, such as prayer and confession, the pastor acts as the mouthpiece of the congregation and should be turned, with the hearers, toward the altar or toward the liturgical East. This is true also of the Lord's Prayer. In all sacramental acts, however, or whenever the minister acts as the mouthpiece of God in proclaiming to the congregation the Word of the Lord and in laying upon the people the blessing of the Lord, he faces the congregation. This means that the pastor must be prepared to take care of the service. Some introits are sacrificial in tone, others are sacramental. The same holds true with regard to some antiphonies. The request, "Let us pray," should not be addressed to the altar, but to the congregation. There is always ample time to turn back to the altar for the prayer. Likewise it seems incongruous, to say the least, for the pastor to address the altar in the introduction to the prefatory prayer: "Lift up your hearts," etc. -And finally we shall do well to observe the ancient rule regarding the manner in which the pastor ought to turn to and from the altar in the various acts in the chancel. The ancient rule prescribes that the liturgist should always turn to the congregation with the right shoulder, clockwise, returning through this same half-circle counter-clockwise aHer addressing the congTegation, except after the final benediction, when he completes the circle, since this now concludes his official acts at the altar. By observing' this very simple rule, one will avoid the confusion created in the minds of attendants at services by the uncertajnty of the liturgjst. Whatsoever is conducive to further edification of the congregation is worth observing. K. ~ t t ~ ~ n r n f i bet ~ { r t i f e I iilicr D. ~ . ~ i c ~ c r , Die im borigen ZSafjre f o t o o ~ I im ,,2utfjeraner" (Nr. 15-20) a I ~ audj' in Dicier :8eitfdjrif± (Nt. 10 unb 11) erfl1]ienen finb, finb mir eine \1fnilafjI : 8 u ~ fdjriften ilugegangen; unD tueif einige \1(nfragen 1idj aUf fjif±orijclje @Jadjen oedtefjen, hie toofjI b!eioenben m5ert ~ a l i e n , g e ~ e idj mi± furilen m5or±en barauf cin. @Jo miidj±e einer ber @JdjreilJer genauer toiffen, toie fidj mbredj± ffiitfdjI iiber b a ~ S 1 a r f r e i ± a g ~ n e b ,,;0 SJaup± boll mIu± unb m5unben" a u B ~ (lefprodjen ~ a b e . ~ a \ 3 Dieier befannte unD biefgenann±e. ~ e o I o g (t 1889) Dic bibIifdjduU)crifdje 2 e ~ r c lion ber f±eIIl1er±retenbcn ®enugtuung ~ ~ r i f t i gdeugne± ~ a t unD ba\3 bie @JdjuIe, bie fidj nadj feinem lnamen nunn±e unb i ~ t e \ 1 f n ~ a n g e t in bet gunaen m5eIt ~ a t , in fetne ~ u \ 3 t a p f e n getreten iff, ift befunn± genug uuB f einem gro\3en, breibanbigen m5etfe , , ~ i e djtiftridje 2cfjre bon ber meclj±fertigung unb ~ e r f i i f j n u n g " . ( ~ g I . buau bie \ 1 ( t m e I ~ reifje in ,,2efjre unb illiefjrc": "ffiitfdjg 5t1)eoIogie" , 40, 218.) s\)ie )!Bode jCDodj, in benen DHtfdjI fcine W/.if3biIIigung beB genann±en 2iebe§ auBfpradj, finben fidj in feiner ,,®efdjidjte DeB ~ i e t i £ ; m u B " (2,65) unb Iauten toor±ridj fo: "ZSfjm [bern 2iebe] faun nicljt ilugef±auben toerben, baf3 eB ein treffenbet unb erfdjiipfenber WUBbrucl' ebangertfdjer .I'l'atfreiiag§ftimmung ift. ~ e n n bie @Jdjilberung ber 2eiben ift nidjt aUf Den ® e ~ o t f a m Cl:1)rifti ~ i n a u B g e f i i ~ d , unb Die allgemeine ~ e t f i i f j n u n g toirb an Diefe @JdjUberung nidj± gefniipft. ~ e m ®eprage bet Ia±einifdjen ~ o r r a g e n entfpridjt eB, ba\3 in ben ~ i d j ~ tungen tvie ben @ ) r b a u u n g ~ b i i d j e r n in ber I u t ~ e r i f d j e n Sfirdje . , . bie finnfidje @Jeite b e ~ 2eibenB ~ 1 ) r i f t i , \1fngftfdjtueif3, mIut unb illiunbcn, o ~ n e ben S J i n ± e r ~ gnmb unb baB W/.otib beB ® e ~ o t f a m B atuar aI§ @)rfdjeinungcn ber f t e l l ~ bertretenben 2cif±ung ~ f j r i f ± i , aoer baneben nur ag IDCotibe ber ®egenfiebe 298 Miscellanea. unb mieberum a I ~ §Jon-unb l R e i n i g u n g ~ m i t t e I gegen bie ®iinben, nidjt alier ag ~ r o g e r ber allgemeinen j 8 e r f o ~ n u n g gebeutet merben." 1) ::Dall aber lRUfdjI aUf feinem Sh:anfen-unb ®terlieliette anbers urteiHe, lieridjtet bet berftorliene liaptiftifdje ~ e o I o g W. §J. ®±tong in feiner Systematic Theology mit folgenben }liorten: "He [lRUfdjI] had severely criticized Paul Gerhardt's hymn 0 Haupt voll Blut und Wunden as describing physical suffering; but he begged his son to repeat the last two verses of that hymn when he came to die." 2) Z5n einem ber genannten WttifeI iiliet D. !j3ieper ~ a t t e idj audj bie Z5nfdjrifi aUf bem ®ralie b e ~ ~ o p e t n i f u ~ e r m i f ~ n t unb angebeutet, ball Diefe Z5nfdjrifi ni# bon S 1 ' o p e r n i f u ~ feThff fjerriifjre. @iin ®djreilier fragt an, mie e ~ benn eigentIiel) mit biefet Z5nfel)rifi ftefje. @ i ~ ift arrerbings mettberliteitete Wnnafjme, ball biefe Z5nfel)rift, tnei! lie aUf S1'opernifus' ®raomal in bet Z 5 o ~ a n n i ~ f i r e l ) e au ~ o r n fiel) finbe±, bon ifjm feThft betfallt morben fei, unb fie ift bielfadj ag )BeIeg bafiit angefUfjrt morben, ball biefer lieriiljmie @)±ernforfdjet bamt± fdnem el)riftHdjen (QHauoen \ l ! u ~ b t u c r gegeoen ijalie. Wlier b i e ~ ift ein aIter, immet fidj miebetijolenber Z5rtium. ::Die Z5nf d)rifi Iau±et Ia±einif el) : NOll par-em Pauli gratiflrl1 requiro, Veniam Petri neque poseo, sed quam In crucis lign(} dederas la troni, Sedulus oro. ®ie lallt fiel) beutfel) etma 10 miebergelien: Wicljt hie @lnabe, hie '!lauIu£! empfangen, l i e g e ~ t ' iclj Woclj Me .\:lulc, mit bet bu bem $ettu£! betilieljen; ~ i e nut, bie bu am ~ t e U 3 e bem @iclj1icljet getu1iljrt ljaft, ~ i e nut e r f [ e ~ ' idj. ::Det liefann±e ~ e o r o g (2;. @i. Eutijarbt, ber in ben etften Wuflagen feiner "Wpologetifdjen j80rtrage filier Die @runbmaljrljeiten b e ~ (2;ljriftentums" Die oliige Wnnaljme bertreten unb ben j 8 e r ~ bemgemoll berlDertet ljaite,3) ljat in ben fpo±eren ~ r u f r a g e n Diefer [\oririi:ge, burd) ~ r o m e ~ \l!roeiten filier ~ o p e r n i f u ~ e i n e ~ )Beffeten oeleljrt, Diefe Wngalie forrigiert unb fidj anfilje gegelien, ben Z5rrium aus bet }lieIt au fdjaffen.4) ::Der bielaitierie j 8 e r ~ ftamm± nidj± bon ~ o p e r n i f u s , fonbern ift eine ®±ropfje, bie bem @eDidjt b e ~ 2tnaus ® l ) r b i u ~ ~ i c c o r o m i n i De Passione Domini eninommen ift unb bie ber @ ) t a b ± p f j t ) f i f u ~ aU ~ O t n , Dr. anelel)ior \ l 9 ~ r n e f i u s (t 1589), aUf b a ~ au feiner Beit bem ~ o p e r n i f u ~ erriel)tete ~ e n f mal fette. ,\'fopernifus ift ba mit gefalteten §Jonben bor einem S h u a i f i ~ aligebiThet; neoen bem Hnlen \l!rm ift ein ~ o ± e n f o p f unb im , ~ i n t e r g r u n b ein § J i m m e f s g l o l i u ~ unb banelien ein Bitler, unb un±et bem tedjten \l!rm fteljt jene @)±roplje. ®omeit mix: befannt ift, riegen fUt bie ~ r o m m i g f e i t nnb firdjIid)e @efinnung b e ~ S 1 ' o p e r n i f u ~ feine Beugniffe bot. ®ein f i ± H i d j e ~ Eeben ift nid)t oljne ®djatten, unb in bem Sh:eife f e i n e ~ : : D o m f a p i t e l ~ mefjte bamag e r a ~ m i f e l ) e 2ufi. ::Daliei liIeibt abet ber j 8 e t ~ feIlift in arren @iljten unb otingt fdjon cinen @ebanfen ilum t'tusbrucr, ber es maljrIidj mert ift, feftgefjarten au 1) WeUe, iEdjluffel