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Vol. SSXII Spring, 19 6 5 No. 1 --- THE SPRINGPI~I~DEII is puhlisl~ed quarterly by the faculty of Con- cordia 'I'heological Scnlinary, Sprinolicld. Illinois, of the 1-uthersn Church - Alissourj S!l~ocl. ---A- - EI~ITORIAI, CORI~I\IIT'TI:,E I ~ I C H 11. HE,INI'ZIzceton, NEU: Jerscy. Clergy changcs of address reported to Concordia Publishing House, St. Louis, h'lissouri, will also cover :nailing change of Thc Springficldcr. Other changes C J ~ address should be scnt to the Business Manager of The Springfielder, Con- cordla 'll~cological Seminary, Spring6eld, U o i s 62702. Address co~~~munica t ions to tfie Editor, Erich H. Heintzen, Concordia Theo- logical Seminary, Springfield, Dlinois 62702, Book Reviews HANDBOOIC OF THE OLD TESTAMENT. 13y Claus Westermann. Trans- lated by Robert H. Boyd. Augsburg Publishing House, Minneapolis, 1967. 285 pages. Cloth. $5.95. INTRODUCTION TO THE BIBLE. By Pierre Grelot. Translated by G. Patrick Campbell. Herder and Herder, New York, 1967. 448 Pages- Cloth. $7.50. l3XPLORING THE SCRIPTURES. By John Phillips. F o r e W 0 r d by Stephen F. Olford. Moody Press, Chicago, 1965. Seventh pr int ing. 1967. 288 pages. Cloth. $3.95. All three books are written by European born and trained theolo- gians; the first by a German Lutheran, the second by a French Rolnal' Catholic, and the third by a British evangelical. Westermann and Grelot have adopted the critical position that the Old Testanlent accounts are based on traditions handed down for hundreds of years and must be eval- uated for their reliability. The presuppositions underlying the fo rm ical method are accepted and the conclusions are likewise accepted with- out cluestion. Westernlann's volunle deals only with the Old 'I'estament7 while those of (irelot and Phillips treat of both testaments. Claus Westernlann, professor of Old Testament a t Heidelberg U n i - versity, is the author of A Thoq(~(~?t(Z Years and A Day , T h e Pra ise of God i n the Psut?ns. E:.rsa ys in Old Testantent Hcr?)l.eneutics (ed i to r ) , a n d llclslc F ~ ~ ? ) I s of I'rophetic Speech. He has become famous for h i s use a n d develo~)lnent of the form critical method, conclusions t ha t flow f rom the application of this lnethodology are also found in Iln?~dOook of t h e O l d ?'cstcc~~rent. which is a translation of the introduction and Old T e s t a m e n t stXrtion of the 1lt.idelberg l>rofessor's ,\ br.iss Ribelkurrde ( ~ a n d b i i c h e r e i C1h7.tstc?~ I ~ I d e r TFeEt. Band I ) . Westermann's book is directed t o those who have a familiarity with the critical nlethod but who have no or little acquaintance with the I3ible. This handbook grew ou t of the (;cArlllan prolessor's teaching beginners in a course entitled 13ibelkunde i"H1b1~ conlent") a t the h'i~.cAZicl~s Hoc'hscll?~le in Berlin. ?'hc reader of Westerriiann's Iwok \\rill find, as the translator, Pro- fessor 1304-d, states in the preface, that the author " does not lose h i m s e l f i n cu~nberson~c. mid intricate detail but opens a clear pathway i n to t h e Scr l l ) tur~s theinselircs. the readcr's interest, whetting h i s a p p e t i t e , and Ijrel)ar~~lg him for the delight of pursuing Bible study on h i s own. In this little guide hc3 succeeds i n 1)roviding an overall view of t h e v a s t scope and signilicarlce of the Bil)lical message." W e s t ~ ~ 1 1 ~ i ~ n n wallts his handbook to carry out the Reformation p r i n - c i ~ l c . S ( ~ c ' ? (1 ~ ( ' I . ~ / ) ~ U ) - ( I S l l i l ? l t ~ t - ~ l ? f.T. Scril)ture is llsed to interpret Scrip- ture I-Iowe~cl-, hoi\. Scripture is u i ~ d e r s t ~ ~ d and how parts a r e related t~ other Darts ~ . l l l dtwend on what kind of hernleneutics the in te rpre te r eml)lo~s That \Vester~nann interprets Scripture by Scripture is not true because the J3iblical clairrls wi th regard to authorship and date are fie- C i u e n t l ~ erthrr l ~ n o r e r t 01. contradict~d. T)lis reviewer has found one of ih Book Reviews 4 5 the main values of the hook in the simple and clear manner in which the author has laid out conclusions, regarding the composition and analysis of Old Testament from the literary and form-critical viewpoint by means of charts and outlines. Grelot's volume reflects the great change tha t has developed in the approach to Scriptures by many European and American Roman Cath- olics, especially since the publication of Pope Pius' Divino Afjlnnte Spiritu. which was interpreted as allowing and encouraging a critical approach to the study of t h e Sacred Scriptures. The present work is a revision of the second French edition. The sections devoted to the New Testament have been considerably enlarged, while chapters dealing with the Old Testa- nient have been revised in varying degrees. One gets the impression tha t Father Grelot is aiming his b o ~ k a t Rornan Catholic groups tha t re- regarded the Bible a s the infallible Word of God. The Roman Catholic scholar's introduction is quite different from such Roman Catholic Biblical introductions a s a r e represented by Bonaventura Mariani, Int?'oductio in Libros Sucl-os Veteris l'estuntenti ; Louis Hudal and Joseph Ziegler, Kurxe Einleitung i n cltrs iilte Tes tan~en t : or John F. Steininueller, A Cont- zjclnion t o Sc?-ipt.u?-e Rtuclies. 2 volumes. Against those who refuse to ac- cept the critical presuppositions and the conclusions that flow from the application of t h e historical critical method, Grelot makes the follow- ing statement : On the other hand, certain spirits, frightened by the Modern- ist danger o r disturbed in thei r intellectual ruts , confused the dog- matic tradition of the Church with the conservative position of yes- teryear's exegetes and cling without profit or serious arguments to the obsolete and scientifically valueless solutions. Grelot's Introduction to the .Bible tries to show tha t there was a great gradual development of the people of God as reflected in the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments. Scriptural texts a r e exanlined and on their basis, with t h e aid of extra-biblical texts, he outlines a development in terms of political, literary, and doctrinal history by means of a century- by-century analysis of events, showing how groups of disparate tribes were welded into a nation. Twelve chapters of the book deal with the Old Testa- ment and the centuries before the coniing of Christ, while seven chapters t rea t of the New Testanlent. Scattered throughout t h e entire volume a r e 55 extra-biblical texts, designed to show the relationship of the Biblical ina- terials to the historical background to which they were intimately related. T h e final chapter sets forth the views of the Roman Church on inspira- tion, inerrancy, interpretation and tradition. While Roman Catholic bib- lical scholarship has changed i ts position on many matters, i t still ad- heres to the apocryphal books a s canonical and to the position tha t the magisterium of t h e Church is t h e God-appointed interpreter a n d custo- d ian of the teachings of the Sacred Scriptures! Exploring the Scriptures, by John Phillips, i s a n introduction which i s quite different from those of Westermann and Grelot. The hermeneu- t ics and isagogics in the former a r e traditional and conservative. Jus t a s Westermann gives no hints to h is readers that another way of dealing with t h e Old Testament is employed, so Phillips completely ignores a n d refuses to use the historical-critical method when dealing with t h e books of the Biblical canon. He says nothing of a documentary hypothesis* of three Isaiah's, two Zechariah's, of a canon still undetermined by the time of Christ's birth. Phillips does not question t h e historicity of Genesis 1-11 or suggest that we cannot be certain about the activities of the patriarchs. He does not classify the historical books of Ruth , Esther, Jonah, and Daniel as parables, fiction or historical romances. F o r m criti- cism as applied to the books of the Old and New Testaments is ObviousLY rejected. I n the gospels the author believes we have reliable information about the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The method followed in Exploring the scriptures is to "first analyze and then to s~n the t i ze the contents of a given Biblical book." T h e volume is concerned with an analytical approach; i t endeavors t o see the Bible as a. whole. The studies dealing with each book average from four t o five pages, which are too brief for dealing adequately with most books of the Bible. This reviewer found a number of Phillips' outlines helpful and instructive. Raymond F . S~rb2brJ1 THE COTTON PATCH VERSION OF PAUL'S EPISTLES. BY Clarence Jordan. Association Press, New York, 1968. 158 pages. Paper. $2.25. (Cloth, $4.50.) 01 the publishing of translations of the New Testament there is no end. Yet I)r. Jordan has done Illore than produce another newly English equivalent of the Greek words and phrases of Paul. H e has used the rich and colloquial language of the southern cotton patch in order to address Paul's concerns and ideas to the social issues and problems of twer~tieth century h~ner ica . Tht: charnl of the translation. as well as its impact, is not s o much ilr its clarity a s in its way of turning a phrase. The idioms a n d terms are solnetimes earthy ("Hell. no! ") , sonleti~lles hunlorous ("the God move- ltlelit is not doughnuts and coffee"). 111ost frequently current (" the s i n f u l habit th:~t'o in I ~ Y driver's seat"), and regularly colloquial ( " g e t t i n g banged up lr~akes us tougll"). All of this is the author's way of u s i n g t h e turn of a ptrrasc to take the Scriptures out of the Cla~~rOOln and stained glass Ranctuary and put then1 out under God's skies, speci f ica l lY southern skies. Some readers may decide that the author h a s u s e d ii foreign toligue. h u t ally southerl~er recognizes the al together t y p i c a l ( h ~ n ~ ~ ? r ~ a t i O n a l languilpe of the deep south on every page. I n the Cotton Patch Version Paul speaks to Atlanta and B i r m i n g h a m Washingto11 instead of to Corinth and Ephesus and Rome. Every reference to :~nd Gentile" has beconle reference to "what man and Negro." nlost exclusi~e of the Jews have beconle white A m e r i c a n Protcal~~nts-- -occasi~ .~~~nl lq. wen pure -4nglo-saxon Baptist8. Names of pea- ~ l e l ~ a r c h e n nlodernized or changed entirely. In this way Paul g e t s to be a Part of a new tinle find setting: he is given the platform o n which '"2 C'flil X I ~ P Q ~ ~ I l t 011 ~ l l ~ t 1 II~attels as mc,ism, brotherhood, and the like. Book Reviews 47 - There is some problem whether every concept remains Pauline in this new setting, but the concepts are surely current and understandable. Most unfortunate about the Cotton Patch Version-and any trans- lator deserves to be lynched for this-is the fact that the major themes of Paul and his carefully devised arguments and explanations with re- gard to the core of the Christian faith lose their punch too frequently in this translation. Some of the great classic chapters of Romans on grace and justification are only shadows of their former selves. The bold ab- solutes and universals of the letter to the Galatians, now addressed to the Georgia Convention, have been narrowed severely. Whether this is because Dr. Jordan has not understood Paul or because he is totally p r e occupied with social concerns, this writer cannot tell. But i t is a pity that the real beauty and wonder of Paul's theology is not also addressed in no uncertain terms to those in the cotton patch. Paul is not adequately represented by this translation; yet the book recommends itself for the beauty and meaning and wit with which Paul speaks through many of its sentences and paragraphs. Ray F. Martens STUDIES I N LUKE-ACTS. Leander E. Keck and J. Louis Martyu, editors. Essays presented in honor of Paul Schubert of Yale. Abing- don Press, Nashville and New York, 1966. 316 pages. Cloth. Price not available. Contributors to this significant Festschrilt are: van Unnik, Vielhauer, Goodenough, Wilckens, Cadbury, Klijn, Minear, Wm. Robinson, Dahl, Moule, G. Bornkamm, Fitzmyer, Haenchen, Knox, Klisemann, and two essays each by Eduard Schweizer and Hans Conzelmann. All nineteen essays appear in English. In the opening essay, the Dutch theologian van Unnik calls Luke- Acts "a storm center in contemporary scholarship" second only to the ongoing "quest for the historical Jesus." Students and pastors familiar with this volume and the nearly 7,000 entries in Mattill and Mathill's Classlied Bibliography of Literature on the Acts of the Apostles, edited by Bruce M. Metzger (Leiden: Brill, 1966) will heartily concur. Many readers of this volume will appreciate C. F. D. Moule's laudable practical concern regarding theological study in general : What matters most, however, is that any true insights into the meaning of Luke or of his sources should not be left on a merely academic level, but should be made available to the church's witness at the present time (p. 159). Some of the other contributors evince an almost total disregard for seeking to effect a marriage between biblical scholarship and the urgent ongoing task of equipping the saints for the work of the ministry and for building up the body of Christ. As is frequently, true of scholarly presentations, one Ands some of the most exciting material in the footnotes, of which there are many a t the conclusion of each essay. The bibliographical references alone afford the serious student of the New Testament a wealth of valuable suggw- tions for further study. If this reviewer may be permitted a footnote to a footnote ( # 2 1 9 P- 183) concerning "the old suggestion that Acts 17: 18 is meant to imply that the Athenians misunderstood Paul to be proclaiming a male and female deity," is not the writer perhaps being a bit hasty in summarily dis- missing this view as "absurd" (contru the opinion of the editors of The Oxford Annotated Bible, p. 1342, et al.)? One might well seriously hes- itate adopting Conzelmann's alternative suggestion on PP. 229-230, how- ever, that Luke was perhaps here being facetious in deliberately m a k i n g the audience misunderstand Paul. A few other points might be raised. Sufficient lexicogra~hical evi- dence exists to consider seriously the possibility that in Acts 6 :2 the apostles' problem was one of bookkeeping rather than that of waiting on tables (cf. p. 52). In the essay entitled "On preaching the Word of God (Luke 8 : 4-21) " the author unfortunately fails to take account of t he words en hypomonee in Luke 8:15. Rtudies in Luke-Acts presents a series of critical essays in tended for critical reading. The reader will encounter some rather f a n t a s t i c sweeping ~eneralizations, little convincing evidence to support t h e Con- tention of certain essayists that Luke and Paul a re theologically i n c o m - patible. The essayists frequently disagree with one another on s u b j e c t s raWinR from the date of Acts to Luke's view of history and t h e o l o g i c a l purpose. At the same time, there can be little doubt that this volume 3s indispensable to the serious study of Luk-~cts. ~ u t first be sure t o r ead Luke-AC~S! Kenneth Ballas PAKL AND THE AGON MOTIF: TRADITIONAL ATHLETIC IMAGERY IN THE LITERATURE. By Victor C. Pfitzner. Supplements to Xovuln Teutamentuxn. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1967. X,222 pages. C l o t h - Hfl . 28. - The author, an instructor in New Testament a t our sister s e m i n a r y in Australia, origiually presented this material in the form of a d o c t o r a l dissertatiorl to the University of Muenster in Germany. Dr. P f i t ~ n e r ' s purpose is t o explairl the origin and the meaning of Paul's use of ath- letic tem~inology in the epistles. Such terms as "race", "prize". " b o x i n g " , a n d "running" are familiar to most Lutheran pastors who have d e l i v e r e d sanctification serrnons on the basis of the Pauline epistles. H o w e v e r , this detailed and thorough scholarly work is hardly intended for h o m i l et- leal purposes. The main conclusion of this research is that though Paul uses the imagery of the Greek games, he is not dependent for his thought c o n t e n t on the Hellenistic tradition. Paul's imagery is so general and l a c k i n g in concrete details that it would tbe next to inlpossible to reconstruct the Greek games merely from his epistles. An interesting sidelight is that. considering the Jewish abhorrence for the Greek games which always had pagan rel i~ioss overtones, i t is highly questionable t o speak of Paul's Book Reviews love and familiarity in connection with the games. The Pauline language, especially the word "agon", struggle or conflict, resembles the popularized language of the Stoic moral philosophy; but with Paul the meaning is entirely different. With the Stoics "agon" dealt with the individual striv- ing for personal moral perfection. With Paul the term applies t o qualifi- cations for the apostolic ofice and a description of the life of faith. Par- allels are also drawn between Paul who comes as the special messenger of Jesus Christ and the Cynic and Stoic sage who suffers while carrying out his duties for Zeus. The Christian is compared to the runner who is still running but has not obtained the final goal. While in the Greek games the runner ran for his own glory, the Christian has been inducted by Christ into His service. Dr. Pfitzner has covered what seems to be about every facet of the Greek ganies in t h e ancient world. Chapters are included describing what the games meant to the Greeks and how they were interpreted in the ancient writings, e.y., Zeonphanes, Plato, Aristotle, Philo, Josephus, et a2ii. Most of the discussion here centers around the word "agon." A few pages a r e devoted to the death agony of Jesus on Gethsemane (Luke 22:44, "And being in an agony h e prayed more earnestly"). The Lord is not struggling for peace of soul or for inner composure for the cruel fate that awaited Him in the Stoic sense, but H e is struggling with death in order t h a t man- kind may have the victory. Throughout the work one can see the hand of Dr. Pfitzner's mentor, Professor Karl-Heinrich Rengstorf, who, perhaps more than a n y other scholar in our generation, has defined the apostolic office and who sees in t h e New Testament more Judaic influence than Hellenistic. Though the subject is of limited scope, a s in most dissertations, i t is quite evident tha t the author with hi3 research opposes the theses of von Harnack and Bultmann in seeing the Pauline epistles as products of the Hellenistic in- fluence. The pastoral epistles a r e considered to be of Pauline authorship and the athletic imagery, including the all important "agon", lends itself to th is conclusion. The bibliography is extensive and an appendage on the early church's use of the athletic imagery adds a further recommendation to this excellent contribution to New Testament studies. David P. Scaer WHERE FAITH BEGINS. By C. Ellis Nelson. John Knox Press, Richmond, 1967. 231 pages. Cloth. $4.75. The author, a specjalist in religious education a t Union Seminary in New York, offers an understanding of the Christian faith and i t s trans- mission according to the categories of sociology and anthropology. The lines from theology and the social sciences bisect each other in the con- cept that "faith" is a mark of the community, whose cultural norms a re available for study. Perhaps the most useful chapter is the one on culture, undoubtedly the author's forte. Culture, more than anything else, is responsible for the individual's world view, values and even his own self- esteem. Shown also is its relation to knowledge, language, conscience, and self-identification. As the community is the major factor in passing on culture, so the Christian community serves the same function faith' While communication through the community is held as the 'Om- munication through t h e m i n d ( t r a d i t i o n a l orthodoxy, rationalism)' through experience (nineteenth century vintage liberalism) ? through selfhood (Bultmann and Tillich), and through the church (Roman and Eastern Orthodox Communions and High Church ~ n g l i c a n s ) are vil- lainous. The critiques offered here do indicate theological perception' But the author should also indicate that his own views seern to be Schleiermacher's '*old wine" poured into the lanew bottles" of sociological categories. This sentence is very much in the style and thought content of the Berlin theologian. My thesis is that faith is communicated by a community of be- lievers and that the meaning of faith is developed by its members Out of their history, by their interaction with each other, and in 'ela- tion to the events that take place in their lives. (P. 1 0 ) - With such an understanding of faith, it is not difficult to understand that conscience and the Bible are considered products of the community's tradition, i.e., their culture. Of course, this almost perfect identification of faith with culture necessitates and comfortably results in t h e higher critical view that both testaments are products of communities rather than specially appointed individuals. Revelation comes through the events of the comnlunity. A final chapter offers suggestions in molding t h e through the church according to the principles of culture for service in the community. The author has taken a bold and interesting step in unders tanding theology according to the terms of the social sciences-and this reviewer's tlloughts were continually challenged and sonletimes changed. B u t the final and also unfortunate result is that Biblical terms a r e given new nle;trlirl~s. Gra~lted that the Bible was formed f o r the community, but is i t I - @ ~ I ~ Y f i le product of t h e cor~~lriunity'? 1 s faith only a description of a reliltionship to God? Is time really the test for religious t ru th in t h e corn- mu nit^? 1s revelation "a disclosure of the real significance of one's t r a d i - tions?" Is i t true that there is no church "until believers a re ga the red to- gether in [\. consr:ions, voluntary fellowship with coInmon al legiance to Christ?" Is faith linliled by the community-what about Luther, Wesley, (I1! A believer for the author is oIle old e~lough for psychoIogical e x p e r - lerlce within the Conlmunity---children not included ( Q . 33) . I t is int.cre~ting to look at the church as a human organiza- through the glasses Of a sc.~cial scientist. But the focus is never clear, because the chur(:h is riot a human organization but a divinely established group sul)erllatur~l roots, imperceptible t o the hullIan eye. T h e Holy S p i r i t is responsjl>le for cornulunitp abd Scriptllre-not the reverse. David P. Scaer ~.. -- - h'II.'1'Y KEY llf'OK1)S lK THEO[,OGY. 13y F. C. Healey. John Knox Press, 1iicahnlond. l ! IC' i . S 4 pages. Paper. $1.65. With theology chasgitlg as ranidly i ~ s it doe5 )v[[h the addition of new tt'r[ns iind lhP rrdstinitiorl o l the older ones, there is a greater need for Book Reviews guidebooks like th is one. As the author, Dr. Healey, currently professor of systematic theology a t Westminster College, Cambridge, points out, his purpose is not only that of lexicography but also of theological introduc- tion. The fifty words chosen, running from "analogy" to "Word of God" a re alphabetically arranged but dogmatically presented. The wide diversi- fication includes "atonement", "cosmological arguments", "epistemology", "ontology", and "teleological arguments." After the word comes a brief but adequate explanation, in general no more than two or three sentences. Then follows a brief essay indicating the origin of the term or idea and its subsequent use in the church. While the author gives a fairly ade- quate explanation of the term in classical Protestant theology, i.e., Luther and Calvin, he seems to favor newer definitions. For example "faith" in the Biblical sense is correctly stated to be fiducia, but a definition of faith tha t strongly represents Schleiermacher's is favored. "A community as a whole may be governed by beliefs which restrict the range and quality of the religious experiences of all its members." The section on Holy Scripture relies heavily on Barth both in content and words. It is ex- plained as a "medium of revelation", "unique authority as historical wit- ness" and "a contemporary medium for God's continuing self-disclosure and self-giving" by which God "addresses" men. The section on "Christ- ology" sees Jesus a s definitely different from other men but considers His relationship to God as an unanswered theological question. What is said on "atonement" mentions the various historical theories but leaves the reader in the a i r since the author favors what seems a combination of the ideas of Anselm and Abelard. Unfortunately the section on "Trinity" suffers from the same duplicity since it seems to make of equal value what have been three exclusive ideas-modalism, traditional trinitarianism, and tritheism. The section on "myth" is disappointing, with the first meaning given a s "out-moded beliefs concerning the world and man." Another meaning for myth is symbol, such as "God's right arm." None of the meanings given fit the typical dictionary meaning of legend, in- vented stories, imaginary things or persons, and fables. The writers of the Bible, our Lord (sic!) in the days of his flesh, the apostles and later Christian teachers, undoubtedly held some be- liefs about the world, about man, and about past history which we now know were defective, or altogether mistaken. When Dr. Healey uses the word "undoubtedly" does he mean that he is not absolutely sure that they were mistaken or tha t he has not bothered to examine the evidence? The author's motives a re good in desiring to bring order in thological linguistics but his attempts lack the certainty and clarity which a re the characteristics of the lexicographer. For the second edition t he initial sectional sentence, "HOLY SCRIPTURE is a t i t le for Christian doctrine concerning the Bible," should be reworded. Holy Scripture is not so much the name of a doctrine as it is a synonym for the Bible itself. (Cf. Rom. 1:2, 2 Tim. 3:15 ff., and 2 Peter 3:15 f.) David P. Scaer CRISIS I N LUTHERAN THEOLOGY. Val, XI. An Anthology Edited b y John Warwick Montgomery. Baker Book House, 1967. 194 pages. Paper. $3.00. The subtitle of this volume is "The Validity and Relevance of His- toric Lutheranism vs. I t s Contemporary Rivals." Volume 11 of in Lutheran Theology concerns itself with the same issues with which Vol- ume I dealt. While Volume I was comprised of five essays writ ten by *=- Montgomery, Volume I1 contains twelve essays and articles written by eight different Lutheran pastors and professors. Four of the essays in Volume I1 are by Dr. Robert D. Preus of Concordia Seminary, St. The essays in Volume II appeared in various magazines and journals be- tween the years 1960 and 1966. Five of the eight contributors a r e mem- bers of The Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod, and al l but two teach at theologi~al seminaries or a thwlogieal college. The articles a r e reprinted from the following periodicals and journals: T h e Chris t ian C e n t u r s 7 Chris t iani ty Today, The Ezangelical Society Bulle t in, T h e ~ ~ r i n g f l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' Concordia Theological Monthly, and Lutherischer Rundbl ick . This anthology of essays was arranged by Dr. MontgonlerY u n d e r two rubrics : "Revelation and Inspiration" and "Biblical ~ n t e r p r e t a t i o n and Ecumenic i t~ in Light of Luther and the Confessions." In the introduction to both volulnes of Crisis in Lutheran T h e o l o Y g is the evaluatioll of the historian Winthrop S. Hudson, who c o n c l u d e d h i s (:llicfi~o 1-[istory ot Alurricall Civilization volume on dn~el-iCa?Z Y1.ote.s- ' a 7 ' t i s t l l ( 1961) with l~igll praisp of I,ntheranisul: The Lutheran churches . exhibited an ability to grow during the post-World \Var 11 years, with the Lutheran c h u r c h - ~ i s s o ~ * ~ S ~ l l o d rnaklng the greatest gains. The Lutheran churches a r e in the fortunate Position of having been, in varying degrees, insulated from Alllrricarl life for a long l~eriod of time. As a result t h e y have been less suhlcct to the theological erosion which s o largely s t r i p p e d other dehn(~lninatlons of an awareness of their continuity w i t h a lllstorlc tradit~on Thus the resources of the Christian past have b e e n morp readily availahlr to them, a ~ l d this fact suggests tha t t h e y may have an increasingly lulportanr. role in :L Protestant recovery. A m o n g the Assets iuiiuediatelq. a t hand alnollg Lutherans a r e a c o n f e s s i o n a l tradition, a surviving liturgical structure, and a sense of c o r n l l l u n i t ~ which, howewr much lt may he the product of cultural f a c t o r s , may =lake It easier for them than for most Protestant denolninat ions to the "Integrity of church mei~lbership" without which P r o t - estants lire ' l l - e q l ~ l ~ ~ e d to participate effectively i n the d i a l o g u e of a pluralistica society Xmerlcan Lutheranlt;r~i, according to Professor Hudson's a n a l y s i s , wa,r br l~@%ed t o be 111 a posltlon to help the future of A l ~ ~ e r i c a n christian- l t y bt~cuuse L\lthr.ri\nisnl had not exper~enced the theological e r o s i o n that llna aEected ot)~c>r deoo~iilnatlons. However, developments dur ing the P a s t renrs huve btlowll that hnlrr~can Lutheranism, illeluding that of The 12urhrran Church-Ll la~o~r~ Synod. has been experiellcing "theological era- Book Hcviews 5 3 sion." From the standpoint of confessional Lutheranism there are trends t h a t portend a departure from Scriptural positions. The essays and arti- cles in both volumes of Crisis in Lutheran Theology point to the extreme peril of the current theological situation. Lutheranisin is being teinpted to give up its traditional doctrine of verbal and plenary inspiration of the Bible. Modern erroneous theories about revelation a r e being adopted and promoted by Lutheran theologians a n d pastors. The inerrancy of the Bible is being rejected by Lutherans who heretofore held to i t in deference to adjusting their views in line with the mainstream either of neo-orthodox or liberal Protestantism. Some Lutherans are willing to yield the Sola Scriptura principle of his- toric Lutheranism and allow reason and religious experience to serve as sources for religious authority. The new hernleneutic of Ebeling, Fuchs, Ott and others is being adopted together with a rejection of a biblical hermeneutics t h a t operated with the principle of the unity of Scriptures a n d which accepted New Testament interpretations of the Old Testament. There are also theologians in the church of the Reformation who are assert ing that i t is improper to find "propositional truth" in the Scrip- tures. Other Lutherans are depicting Martin Luther a s a n exegete who if h e were living today would favor the critical approach to the Scrip- tures and who reject the understanding of Lutheranism as found in the age of orthodoxy. I n the interest of affiliating themselves with the ecu- mentical movement of world Protestantism, Lutherans are toning down distinctive Lutheran teachings so t h a t they might appear to be in tune wi th the theological views of the Reformed, Eastern orthodox and Roman Catholic communions. It is to the above mentioned developnlents in American and European Lutheranism that the essayists in both volumes of C ~ i s i s in Lutheran Theologlt have directed their attention. As in Volume I, so in Volunle 11, articles dealing with sound hermeneutics a re presented by professors Bohlmann and Preus. The importance of the doctrine of the inspiration is se t forth by Dr. Hernlan Sasse of Australia. Dr. Spitz, Sr., shows what is involved in adhering to Luther's Sola Scriptura principle. The Rev. Douglas Carter, a renowned English Luther Scholar, portrays Luther as exegete. Dr. Friberg stresses the importance of believing that in the Bib- lical canon we actually have the Word of God and not merely witnesses to t h a t Word. In another contributioxi he emphasizes the fact that "prop- ositional truth" is found in the Scriptures. I n the nineteenth century, as Dr. Montgomery points out in the introduction to both volumes, Anierican Lutheranism was also exper- iencing a time of crisis. Charles Porterfield Krauth, who fought and won a bat t le for sound Lutheranism, has made in his Conservative Reformation and I ts Theology a statement worthy of being heeded today: Had a war of three hundred years been necessary to sustain the Reformation, we know that the Reformation would ultimately have repaid all the sacrifices i t demanded. Had our fathers surrendered the truth, even under that pressure to which ours is a feather, how we would have cursed their memory, a s we contrasted what we were with what we might have been. And shall we despond, draw back, and give our nalnes to the re- Droach of generations to come, because the hurden of the hour seen1s to U s heavy? God, in His mercy, forbid! If all others a re ready to yield to des~ondency, and aballdorl the strrlggle, wc, children of the Reformation, dare not. That struggle llas taught two lessons, which must never be forgotten. One is, tha t the t rue a n d the good must be secured at any price. They are beyond all price. We dare not compute the i r cost. They a r e the soul of our being, and the whole world i s as dust in the balance against thenl. s o matter what is to be paid for them, We must not hesitate to lay down their redemption price. The other grand lesson is, that their price is never paid in vain. What we give can never be lost, unless we give too little . . . . If we lllaintain t h e pure Word inflexibly a t every cost . . . we shall Conquer - - . through the Word; but to comprolnise 011 a single point, is t o lose all1 and to be lost. l t a p z o n d 3'. S%rb?k1-8 THE PREMATURE DEATH OF P R o T E s T A N T I S M. BY Fred J. Denbeaux. 3. 13. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia/NeW Y01-k~ 1967. 155 pages. Paper. $2.25. 'rllose who111 the author calls "conventional" Christians (P- 1 4 ) w i l l lj~ld ~ I I U C ~ in the first chapter of this book which will immedia te ly get their attention and nl,prova]. TWO quotations will make this e v i d e n t - It will I)(? long before the conventiorlal Christ ian d i s c o v e r s that the world a t large callnot help but view him as a c u r i o s i t y - l and like his Jcwish cousins. he will discover tha t c h r i s t i a n i t ~ has I it s t a ~ i r l g I)owcr which does not rely npon the approval of t h e civi l i - I zntioll in which i t participates, I It is unlikely that the Christian is going to solve t h e ~ r o b l e n ~ of h i s :~wk\v:~l~lnt?ss by c:ommittitlg cultic. suicide. I?y now h e wi l l know \\-hat the (?arliel disciples knew-that a Christian will a l w a y s be a l i t t .1~ of Step. a little alien to his civilization. Hc wil l also d i s - (:o\.c?.l-. il has not already dol~e so, that he will serve his c i v i l i z a t i o n 11ot obscuring what he believes but by being sure t h a t his life, his 111011gl11 and his piety reflect his lollely service to his a r t . As h e coIlll)Oses his rcsllonsr t o t . 1 ~ Iiiystc:ry which shaped h i ~ n h e Tvill forego koo~) ing a COmlllt?rcial eye on marketability. .xlld Yet th(: Christian caunot be indifferent to his -ti.orld th~llgl l cont'c!sses daily that his citizenship is fro111 heaven. Civil- izalil~ll. cr,(.alivi> : L I I ~ i1111,crrtnn~ a s it is, is not tile mirror in w h i c h h e lintlz his i t lo~~ti ty. \I. t h o salllc t i ~ ~ l c 1 1 ~ does 110t seek to erase civili- Zati(lll. \Vll:lL t ~ t . sceks I(> do is uf'jpr.. of his own ~ ~ e c u l i a r re- >('Ilr(.l's. s ~ ~ l L l ( ! \ V O I ' ~ w11ic.h I I I ; I ~ bt: ]lell,ful 1.0 tllat civiliziltion in whit hc' l l : t ~ l . i l ' i l ~ f i t ( ~ ~ . I.rllI 1 0 \r.llicll he does llot o\r;e ;ill llltilllate I o y a l t y . " i l ~ ~ ( : \ a r . :tlm;rd) i n Llie first chapter arld throughout tho sir. ~hort: arc 1lilri~gr31)11~ \vliicll uiake the "con\.entionrl" C l l r i s t i an won- "" ! *ilil[. I hc thilr's ~ o ~ ~ e , e l ~ l i n n of a '*eonveutionalrr C h r i s t i a n , Hook Rcvicws or, for that matter, of Christianity itself is! What should a "conventional" Christian think of the following paragraph? Not in whining but in faith we walk forward into a future which will be more responsible, in which me11 will administer better gov- ernments, conlpose better music, paint better pictures. Putt ing away our worldly nostalgia for the past, refusing to hunger for the fleshpots of Egypt, we can act in faith and trust that the man, the humanity, tha t God has created will create better and more truly than ever be- fore. Christ did not come that a civilization should go down the drain, but that man may, because God asks i t of him, exercise a creative power which will cause the angels to cheer. There is still more that puzzles the "conventional" Christian. After a scathing denunciation of a shriveling empiricism which is wholly ab- sorbed with chaotic contemporaneity in which "universals collapse" in an "endless process," and which resulted in the loss of cultural creativ- ity and the fading of the American dream in an age tha t "began with Walt Whitman singing of Life innilense in passion, pulse and power and ended with Norman Mailer saying: '. . . all I know is tha t a man feels good when he corninits a murder.' ", there follows a plea for the recognition of the value of our "legacy," and the reader is offered a hope as ambiguous and nebulous as this: Thus as we enter the ecumenical age, the age of true dialogue, i t is becoming clear that inany will find that their legacy is, to choose a few points of concretion, Catholic, Protestant, Jewish and "Pla- tonic." Legacy enables one to escape the present contempt for in- stitutional religion without being a slave to the institution. Chris- tianity, by nature, is synthetic, opening itself a s i t does to the Hebraic and to the Classical. I t is thus possible to think of legacy both in terms of open confessionalism and in relation to those who, troubled by the shal~elessness of sheer contemporaneity, seek to absorb some- thing from the vitalities of the past. I t rnay even be possible that the tinie will come when a concept of legacy will be freed from a confessional requirenient so that the past can be shaped by those who a r e bound by the Christian synthesis and by those who will see them- selves as friends and critics of tha t synthesis. Because the author of this book scenis to think of man, made in the image of God, as a "maker," and of Christianity's function chiefly in terms of proinoting free cultural "creativity" without falling into the snare of absolutizing the relative, he is able to write things tha t confuse the "con- ventional" Christian. This is what he has to say in the chapter titled, "Christianity, Civilization and Sex": Christianity neither makes culture divine nor sees culture as mere debris. Thus a t this point theology must be most dialetical. It must neither absolutize the human nor deny man his grandeur. A s the Christian thinker turns his attention to the institution of marriage he must recognize that man as well as God is a truly crea- 5 6 THE SPHIKGFIEI.DEK - - -- - t tive being and that his creatiolls do not necessarily below to dri* and decay. "Our first assumption, therefore, i s that the organization of man's sexual life belongs inexorably to his destiny." The church must encourage the community, for instance, to change its laws regarding honiosexuality. While the church recog- nizes that the culture has a right to define heterosexual marriage as the norm it does not have the right to define as criminal those who create a different biological and social order. i Our second assumption is that the new morality is no more a 1 final answer than was the rigid morality which i t sought to correct' The apparent nihilism of the new morality i s little more than a re- i i action against a system of nliddle-class ethics which had absolutized I its sexual order. The new morality aims a t loosening-UP Victorian i structures, struct~lres which had mixed human creativity with creativity. Excessive relativization must be understood as an answer : to excessive absolutization. Christianity, committed to man's j humanization, cannot be comfortable with a system which identif ies ' I: the divine will with a social norm. Christianity is committed t o the ' dognla that no man (or woman) i s queer before the eyes of God, al- l i though he nlay seem to be so by conventional standards. The redernP- i thre lnercies of God are not limited to those who exist within statis- tical 1 l O r l i l ~ l ~ ~ . The chtlrch can be grateful tha t the new morali ty has 1 I shaken easy absolutes. The church may have followed t h e l i n e of i least resistallce and identified itself with bourgeois inst i tut ions but / the living (;od is not a shopkeeper. i -4t t.ll(! salll~! time the church must be as critical of n o h e m i a n - as it is of the ~rliddle class. If the norm of the middle-class man callllot be wuated with the divine neither can the expectations to the ll()l.lll be 1Hildf: illto it quasi-religion. The disciples of a more e x p e r i - meIltal attitude toward sexuality are not free from r n e t s p h y s i ~ a l Pre- 'rnsioll; chaos is 11ot the goal of human creativity. T h e goal is as Illan is enabled to honor process by being flexible, t o honor strllcturt? by achieving definition. The chllrch lllust be to man he achieves his definitions and as he llolds those definitions wi th gent.leness of sllirit. . . l h l s is the kind of book roncernillg ll~uch more could be, p r o b a b l y s ) L ~ ) I ~ I c ~ be s a i d . I)llt this is ('r~o~igh to indicate that it is t he kind of book which ~nakes interesting reading. but which requires critical reading. H. A. H u t h -. - CHRISTIASS ACTIVE IS THE IYORLD. Hy Yres Collgar. H e r d e r and llerder, S c w York 196s 21s pages followed by all index of names and ail lndcs oI subjects Cloth. $5.95. The cokrr tells tile reader that this hook "is a selection of Father Congar s wrlhngs . . Writings that were influential in creating t h e the- olog~cal c l ~ n ~ a l e 111 wl~lch the decrees of Vatican I1 were nur tured and have flour~shed" The author is a rnan r h o "had already achieved r e n o w n as Book Reviclvs a distinguished ecclesiologist, a pioneer ecumenist, a spiritual writer of the first rank, and a n earnest advocate of Church reform" when the names of Rahner, Lonergan, and von Balthasar were still "relatively unknown." All this makes this book worthy of the attention of anyone who wishes to be informed about Roman Catholic thinking about the Church and social problems. In eleven chapters such diversified topics a s lay participation in Church affairs to interracial marriages are discussed. Chapter five is titled "Outlines for a Theology of Catholic Action," and is of special impor- tance for understanding the Rornan Catholic conception of the role of the Church in the world, and for seeing the theological principles upon which this conception rests. "The Christian Idea of History" is an especially valuable chapter, and for this reader the last paragraph was an "experience" that deserves sharing with all who read this review: I t is not for nothing that the Creed, in which our faith is suin- med up, that Creed we are about to recite together, begins with the words 'I believe', but ends with the words 'I expect'. I believe in God and in Jesus Christ his only Son, but I expect the world to come. Amen. The first chapter is titled, "Respect for the Apostolate of the Laity." While one should not expect to find the Lutheran doctrine of the priest- hood of all believers in this chapter, one does find a scholarly investiga- tion of the question "how, in what context, and therefore why, initiative on the part of the laity has sometimes been neglected and even unknown" (p. 3 ) ; and one finds also what Father Congar thinks the relation of priests to laity ought to be: Clearly the relation between priest and lay people can only be one of full collaboration, of apostolic and missionary action in com- mon. This collaboration between priests and laity has often been de- scribed by the names of 'team' (or 'crew') or even the 'priesthood- laity couple'. I like this expression for its mental associations, and also for its accuracy. The couple is both a community and a hier- archy, a friendship and a legal structure, a diversity and a mutual completion. The following paragraphs (from tb.e chapter which discusses "The Christian's Attitude in n Divided World") makes i t quite clear this book was written by a Roinan Catholic theologian: Here it is necessary to recall the Catholic principles in all their force. I t is very dangerous, and a wrong method of action, to propose a theory of fact before proposing a theory of right, or to propose a theory of life before that of the structure. Life exists and must be respected, but in the framework of the structure. The fact exists, but must be written into the framework of the right. Such are the general and practically classical principles received in Catholic theology (I say theology because they are not dogmas). Fi r s t principle : There is a religious truth, there is a revelation proceeding f r o m God, a religious t ru th or positive revelation of which the Church h a s charge, with the charismata or graces appropriate t o tha t charge of teaching; graces of truth. i Second principle: The chief end of men, and of the world too, i s i n f ac t supernat - ural. God h a s created the world f o r himself, for cornnlunion in his own innernlost life. Further, temporal society has no other e n d but that of individuals, and their last end i s supernatural. Conclusion : I I I The temporal authority must so ar range t h e social order as to i favour that supernatural end, with which the Church i s e s s e n t i a l l y concerned. Now the tenlporal authority cannot succeed i n t h i s u n l e s s it obeys the Church. The ideal is therefore a temporal society direc- ted by the Church. I remark that in by opinion th i s does n o t Pre- judge the lnanner in which we conceive the relations of t h e church with telnporal society. This in 110 way implies t h e idea of what has heen called a jurisdiction of the Church over the city, a t hes i s which I for one do not support. I believe tha t t he requirements of C a t h o - lit doctrine are satisfied if the relations of t h e Church w i t h t e m p o r a l society lire conceived, not a s relations of jurisdiction, b u t a s those of a n~agisteriulli. This position has been called i n theology a ' d i rec- tive powt?r'. This book should be read by all serious Lutheran theo log ians vrh0 wallts to keep abreast of I ~ o i i ~ a n Catholic thinking in several m a j o r thee- l o ~ i c n l and sc~ciological areas. H . A. H u t h TIIT!: MOl)EKN VISION O F DEATII. Edited by Na than A. S c o t t , Jr- .Johll I~~11--111 Light of Social Science a n d Christ ian I"ait1i." K ' ' Q ~ , ~sllcclRlly as he draws into question t h e too e a s y assever- ;',.iol1 t! l i l l 111~ s('i(intifir: niethod and pel.specti\.e, particularly of the social ilrt' ill)l( ' really t o interpret man and eoml)etent to p a s s c r i t ica l )~danil l lr 1ll)oll llle Ciiristian Br.rspecti\.e we with h i s c o n c l u s i o n ' "h t " l i r i s [ i~!~ c R ~ ~ ~ u I I Y interprets and uses the kllowledge from t h ~ ~ ) c i i i l s~il.n(~l:s ill his own particular interl,retatio,ls men, in t i i s t!thical (:ollslderationsv ( p , 70) Keith R , Bridston ,,Rers Christian ' "f sf!cili:lr A~lthr~j~l~iopie~; . ,. i i)arwinian, Marxian, Book Rcvicws Freudian views on man in a short chapter. These a re useful delineations, but the chapter itself is a little weak on the Christian side, particularly in his notion (Scott and Sinith join him) that "true man" must be dis- covered in the person of the only True Man who has ever lived, Christ. This Barthian idea reverses what Paul has to say about "God sending His own son in the likeness of sinful flesh, and for sin, condemned sin in the flesh, that the righteousness of the law might be fulfilled in us . . . " (Ronl. 8, 3f.) D. G. Brown presents "The Secular Challenge to the Christian View," deftly jabbing a t what "Christian" theology so often proposes for its "Gospel," "that the life of Jesus was a revelation of the possibilities of human beings" (p. 98) . "This," h e says quite appropriately, "is not Christian doctrine." But then he expects no inore help from Christian theology either, in the final analysis, than from a dozen other sources, apparently hoping t h a t by a kind of process philosophy each rnan will ultimately be his own best a u t h o r i t y. Pieter de Jong's chapter on "Teilhard's Vision of Hope" succeeds admirably in unraveling th is puz- zling thinker's viewpoint, although th i s does not inean that the reader's vision of hope will be enlarged! Also excellently done is Reginald H. Fuller's syinpathetic treatment of Ronhoeffer's "The World Come of Age" theme, in which he endeavors to defend the Ger~nan martyr's "religion- less Christianity" a s a new understanding of the Christian life in terms, not of a Gospel which proclainls forgiveness, life and salvation, but of participation in the suffering of God a t the hands of a godless world. Fuller adinits finally, however, when i t comes to "a critique of the auto- nounlous world from the perspective of the God of the Bible," that "Bonhoeffer offers little or nothing here" (p. 161). He is kinder than most, in view of the fact that the God-is-dead crowd like to trace their lineage back to Bonhoeffer. The editor's own concluding chapter, "Christ and Man," challenges, anlong other things, the mechanism of basing Christian anthropology on Christology (see above! ). As a possible so- lution to the lwesent huinan dilemna, Nicholls cancels oiit the various alternatives which come fro111 the side of secularism and which exalt the autonomy of man, and then he suggests in their place what he terins "theonomy" (Tillich's term), in which man sees himself living under and before the sovereign Lord, like Christ, for, a s Nicholls contends, "no one but Christ himself has fully demonstrated the theonomous life" (p- 219). Even though he hedges this about carefully as "a gift of Christ" (P 220), i t is difficult to see how such "theonoiny", no matter how sophis- ticated the theologizing, can be distinguished a t its best from old line Calvinism, or a t i ts worst from sinlple Pelagian thinking. E. F. K1zc.g THEOLOGIE DER EVANGELISATION. By Hans-Lutz Poetsch. Verlag Stelten & Co., Bremen, 1967. 167 pages. Cloth. DM 14.4. ($3.75 Concordia Publishing House, St. Louis). Pastor Hans-Lutz Poetsch is the Lt~tl~erun Hour speaker in Germany. In this little book the author addresses himself to the probleni of evangel- izati0n i n Germany, both to the readers of the Free Churches a n d t o the L a n d e s k i ~ c l ~ e ? l . It is very instructive for the American reader, who can only with difficulty understand the difficulties of evangelization in a land whose citizens have twice in this century lost confidence in the i r church- state unity, loose as this unity is. Pastor Poetsch treats ''Evangelization as the question addressed to the church," "The answer froill the Confessions," "The bearers of evan- gelization." ' ' E ~ a n g e l i z a t i ~ ~ in the narrower sense," "The probleln of the evangelistic approach," "The evangelistic message," ' d ~ v a n g e l i z a t i o n pra"' tically considered," "Evangelization and the Inass media." I t beconies clear to an A~lierican reader tha t t h e na tu re and for'" of the ?~o?l(lcrkirc?~e is indeed a roadblock which t h e American church docs [lot encol~nter. When the Lcn2(lesl;i,-c.ljr considers its ecunlenical relations as a Part of the rebuilding of the good name of Germa.nyy t h e 1)roblelll is Only intensified. If the interdenonlinational evangel izat ion is I)ror)osed in land where Lutheran and Reformed already in te rco lnmune ' an8 dlllost everyone i~alongs to a church by virtue of t h e payment of his taxes, the cluestions regarding the proper and t h e n a t u r e of t h e ln('SSagc! llWd indeed to be asked. ~ t t o F . Stcthlke ('ON('C)Rl)I:.\ CATECIIISAI S);I;RIES. \!'alter M. Wangerin, Editor- Col'. vordia I ' t ~ l ~ l i s l i i ~ ~ g I - ~ o u s ~ . st. Louis, 1967. r . 1 l i (1 1!15!1 (.lonvt.~itiou of tlie I,~lthrran church-hf ~ S S O U ~ ~ Synod author- izt:tl the I',oilrtl for Parish E d u c a t i o n to develop graded catechisxl' 111ate1-ials. 'l'he Concordin (:itt.e(;hislil Series, the product of eight years Of 1vor.k b): t l~c ! Hoartl nlld its Catec.ilisl11 Comnlittee, r epresen t s the Irient. of tilt: c:o~lvt~ntic.)~i's ;~ssignllicnt. The Catechisiil series was prepared to II(?II) the ci~t(?chist. i l l his t . x ~ k . 'rllr: Sc?l'ic:s t!o~lsisl,s of 16 books. s i x catechism ItetrtZe7-s i n t roduce l h ( h \lri111:tr!' and 111iddle-grades child to siillple f u n d a m e n t a l s of fai th. ' T h i s IS follr)wi.d by t 1 1 1 ~ ~ c : sets. enc:h of three books, each book conta ining 62 I ~ ! S S ~ ~ I S . Thc:~ct ilrr dr.r;iy:-n~d esst?llti:Llly [or Jlmior High pupils: 3..v-7~ea (;f)d ! ' h ( ~ s ( ' . l lo t r . 'l'l~is is illtentled for grade sex,-ell, give or t a k e one g r a d e . 111 this cbi)t\l.sc! Iiiljle 1-Jistory? 2.1 I . C C O Y ~ of (;odVs qreat acts, c h r o n o ~ o g i c a ~ i ~ ~lri'sr~lltcxl. 11rovid(:s Ille basis. The liest. cotlrse, y1],is 1 s ?'he ~?~.?-'ist.in?z E'CL i t ) ! . follows lI1i? S I X ch ie f ]~;~l.ts a s give11 i l l J,utherls slllall c a t e c h i s l x ~ . This is dc:sistuld for ~r.nd(: eight sttldcl~ts nl\d is ~,resulllably t h e second a n d l i ~ \ i i l Year rc~tl1;ll. 6011 lirln;~t,io~~ i l l ~ t r ~ ~ t i ( ) ~ ~ . -11, (2 IJ,iz;e U?lcZe,?- Ill i597, is ~ k t ( ' t t l i l ' c l !'(';lr ( ' ( l l l t s c : it11d rl~;ly take11 for study in t h e third year ( i f i l tlir~:~~-vl.~;rl ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ i i ~ ~ l l i ~ t i i l ~ ~ prcl );lra ioll, or in the u o s t - c o n f i r ~ ~ ~ a t i ~ n y e a r . ylli!; ( '(~~1rs(' d~it \ \ .s larcely fro~ll Iht . ll\aterials already presented ill t h e t1vo 1)rt!li!)Us ('olll'l;~as. but i s dcsiglied ;,nd structllred to det-clop tite zc.ol' r b l l 1 ill.' ( ( 1 1 ' 1 1 ~ ~ 1 ~ rnl~lir~licd, or q \ -en in the tllird year of pre-coo- 1 I . .I.llis a~yi(?i~rs to be tlie flllfilllllrllt Of the 11""si"l~"r~'~ 11riiyrl Y t ;I \'nodies\ conference ~ d , , ~ ~ t i ~ ~ , "Would t h a t 1\11 k l ~ ~ \ \ l ~ : d ~ ! . ( 3 ~ ) t ~ l d I I I J W Iicscornc \\.firshil,," for each year. W h e n God Chose M a n . The authors, and there are many, each a theologian and an educator, hope that students in about the sev- enth grade will find th is an exciting way of learning about God's work for t h e sinners' salvation. The 62 lessons are subdivided into larger-than- lesson units of work. The first unit, or section as they are called, begins with the story of t h e child's baptism. I t thus l)ersonalizes God's great acts from the very beginning. The sections follow: God's Covenant With Me God's Plan for Man God's Covenant with Israel God's Activity in Israel, His Own People God's Covenant in Jesus Christ God's Holy Spiri t nuilds Christ's Church The seventh and last Section is titled I Praise God for His Plan of Salvation Each Lesson ill th is basic text book in each set has: A Bible Story. A Closer Look. To Help us Remember. What This Means to Me. My Prayer. An appropriate hymn verse. Each Lesson is profusely illustrated with symbols and sketches. Next to the text book comes the Pz~l~i l ' s Guide. This is a typical work book. I t contains a great variety of questions to be answered, based on the Bible story; I3ible texts to be memorized; synlbols and their meanings; request for answers to thought-provoking questions; searching of the Scriptures. While th is course is basically a Bible History Course, t.he Cat- echism parts relevant to the main lessons, r~l)plications to personal, to fanlily and parish life, a re constantly in evidence. Then comes il'itc !l1enche?'s Rclition. In this the teacher's book, the con- tents of the basic text are literally rel~roduced in smaller print (on the left hand side of a n open page) and the Pupils Giiide i s likewise literally rei~roduced in smaller print, (on the right hand side of the Teachers Edi- t ion). This is done to stinlulato and aid the teacher to cnrich still more the content of the total unit exposure. It has in each lesson paragraphs on Preparation, O ~ e ~ i i n g Devotion, Approach, Helps to Renienlber (and Inemorize), Worship. Thc content and purposeful selection of materials, to keep the focal point and the desired outcoine constantly before the pupils, all is planned for t h e teacher. H e could enter into the teaching-learn- ing situation without any prel~aration and planning. Hut, there is still roo111 for the teacher to enrich and to keep his personal cxperierices i n the total unit of exl~crience. Questions and discussions a r e regularly provided for.. A siniilar description of content and organization of materials could be given of the other two scts of three hooks: il'1~i.y is the Christian Fuith and And Live U?trler Him, the former following Luther's S ~ n a l l Catechism, content and organization, and the lat ter concentrating on sanctified living with special emphasis on many facets of corporate and personal worship. This latter course is a somewhat novel emphasis on the Church Year to transfer learning to living, whether given in the third pre-confirmation Year of instruction or in the post-confirnlation year. There is in t h e ent course hardly a single theological and psychological principle of effect curriculum assin~ilation which does not find a place in this new Catechi series. Unless it be that the n o s t illlportalit factor in effective curricul- assimilation, the pastor (teacher) is tempted by the tremendous amo1 of Planning which meets him, to feel that he needs to do n o p lann ing ' tha t he is perhaps a superfluous factor in the total learning s i t ua t i As one experienced Catechism teacher (pastor) said recently: "1 Obser and listened to them with such interest t,hat when I looked a t m y wa I found the time was up and I had done no teaching yet." Let the user of these nlaterjals be alerted to the temptation t o wh all work-book users are subject to again become lbookish' in the t e a c h of the Christian religion. The Holy Spirit can use and can d i s p e n s e Illany audio-visual aids, of which there are illany suggestions in the ers Edition, but the personal face to face teaching is a vi ta l factor ('0nlmunic:ating effectively tlie seriousness of sill and the jubi lant jo3 grace- The Holy Spirit wants and needs YOU t h e teacher i n t h e pro< of vitalizjng doctrine and making the catechism 'come to life'. (:andidat's a n d professors at our Springfield, St . Louis, R iver Fo and S w a r d sr~ninaries will joill this reviewer i n saying, Well d \sritel's. illustrators, C:atec]lisll~ Conimittee nlelllbers and Ed i t o r 11. \vangt'l'itl. Col~gratulations! 11enl.y J. Boe t t cher J'ARr1'S1.:HS I S PI~EXC'FIINC:: clergy and Laity i n Ilialog. BY Reue I-[o\\.c. 'rhe Seab111.y Press, S e w York, 1967. 127 pages. Cloth. $: Ilo\\-i: ,.oiltc~lds cluite corl'ectly that preaching a t its best i s d i a l o g It is ;r faillrrc: n.he11 it is monological. \;)'hetller. or llot p r each ing mril cii~lo~ic';ll c1ctl)ends not only upr.,n tile preacher but also lipon t h e lister 111 pr(?ai:hing tllc clergy a n d laity arc partners. 1'rc;lchinx will he dialogical only i f the sk>eaking of t h e Prea u c n e t r a t ~ s the harriers to meanillg ill tile in i~ld of t he listener. As a ids to dialogical {,reaching Ho\\-e recollllklends t h e use of s1 #roul)s to h(:llj t h e pustor see how layllle~i interpret the f a i t h . H e W S ~ S . 104). t ' ~ c d - ~ ~ a c k sessi[?lls to hell) a pastola see how the ~ e r l - 0 ~ I)reachcd w a s intc!rl)reted b y tllc? laylrlen. Anyone who w-ants his s e r n t o h e illor*' tll:tll j u s t talk will he interested ill th i s vollrllle as we] J-iowc 4:urlicr work. T'hr Jf, i l .{ l~fc o! Dinlog. F A lT1ll . ' l~lJ IIElIELS. Uy Roy 13ltirnllorat. Coucordia P u b l i s h i n g H c S ( I 6 101 pages. Paper $1.75, This tlook 1s n rerbort of Hoy Bluml~orst's two-yeiir l ~ l i k ~ i s t r y in hMh-rlw Merlna Towcrfi in Chicano. - ~ 'IIII' rulunic describes ijlumhorst'e atte11,pt to reach t h e segmellt ~ ~ ~ ' i ~ ~ l t h i l l Llilr fled t o the central city and to agartnlent l i v i r lg - ~ i i i t t ' n f l 1s Rlerina Towers are those who prefer the trlloll,.lllit~ and don1 from household chores which apartment living affords. Although many are not irreligious, they a re surfeited with the programs of the institutional church. They are faithful rebels, indeed. How do yo11 reach people who don't want to be bothered? "Dig wells," says Roy Blumhorst. His book tells how he provided opportunities for small group discussions, building bridges froin ar t , music, philosophy, and other disciplines to Hiin in whoill all things consist. This volun~e is helpful, not only for the one who wants to get a glimpse of life in te high-rises, but also for the person looking for an analysis of the urban man. Reflecting on his work in the high-rises Blumhorst adds significantly: "I an1 increasingly convinced that the pro- per adjective is not high but urban, and that urban Illan is increasingly t o be found in the suburbs and towns as well as the tall towers of the city" (11.10). Iienry J . Eggold -- CALLS AND VACANCIES. Oscar H. Reinboth, editor. Concordia Pnb- lishing House, St. Louis, 1967. 70 pages. Paper. $1.00. This little volume is one which belongs in every church library. It offers helpful guidelines for the pastor considering a call, for the congre- gation sending a call, and for ministry during a vacancy. I t is a hook that answers the question, "What do we do now?" when a pastor receives a call. I t offers sage advice both to pastors and congrega- tions on proper procedure when a pastor receives a call and when a con- gregation is calling a new pastor. In the final chapter, Reinboth reminds congregation ~nembcrs that they are indeed ministers. Someti~nes it takes a vacancy to help Chris- t ians understand both their privileges and their responsibilities. Reinboth helps them see. H e n r y J . Eqgolfl - CONTEMPORARY PRAYERS FOR PUBLIC WORSHIP. Edited by Caryl Micklen~. Wm. H. Eerdman's I'nblishing Coinpany, Grand Rapids, 1967. 1 4 1 pages. Cloth. $3.00. Prepared initially for use in Congregationalist worship services, these prayers are intended to answer the demand for a conlprehensive collec- tion of prayers which niake use of modern language and thought-forms. The prayers nlay be of little direct use in the fixed liturgy of the Lutheran main Sunday worship service. But because the use of modern language in prayer no less than in preaching must be faced by members of all liturgi- cal traditions, these prayers a r e a helpful contribution to the general liturgical conversation. The book is intended to be used as a working manual by ministers of the Free Churches in England and the Church of Scotland. In the Introduction the compilers declare that their chief stimulus has been the publication and regular use in their churches of the New English Bible. They point out that once it was only in the sermons and the church notices, if then, that modern language was heard in church, and t' Sons, prayers and hymns were all solidly archaic. But since lg6 bloc, too, has been breached. And now, not only in t h e Free Ch but also in t h e Church of England, i t has begun to Seen1 plainly gruous that the people who haye just listened to t h e ancient gospel in the language of their owl1 t ime should be asked to make their P' up-to-date response to the gospels in the language of t h e day befa terday. I n this situation, nlodernization of t h e language of public is the obvious starting-point. The colnpilers have come up with a book of prayers t h a t arc cut, true to exl>erience, and lnodels of directness a n d verbal ec There is dignity and clarity in t h e choice of words. This book Prove stimulating to the Lutheran Pastor who is seeking n e w which to clothe the perliianent t ru ths in Christ ian worship. T h e is classified under three headings: Prayers fo r General Use, Pra O x m c t i o n With Sacraments and Ordinances, a n d Prayers for tian Year. The prayers epitolnize a n approach which g u a r d s triviality, Wants neither "palliness with the Deity" ( to U s e 1-I. F, phrase) nor the consigning of (::od to a, realm outside our everyday This aI l~roach is evident, for exanlple, in the following confession; el': "Merciful ( h d , we confess to you now t h a t w e have sinned. W e the sins thi~t. no one knows and the sins tha t everyone knows: t,hat are a burden to u s and the sills that do not bother us because 7 !!.ott(:ll used to thern. IYc! confess our sins a,s a church. W e hi loved one ;lrlot,her as Christ loved us , We have not forgiven O n e as Iv( ! l l ~ l ~ t ' I)f:c\11 forgi~c211. lye ll i l \ ,c 1l0t gi\rc,ll ~ ~ ~ r s ~ l ~ ~ s ill love a1 i ( ~ ! sol. rhc: wor.ld as C,'lit.is~ ?;.:.ak.(: Hil~lsplf for 11s. Ipat.her, f o r g i v e U f-101~ Spirit 1 0 US. that 1-le ,>lay give 11s power to live as , by your yell (Xllcd 11s t o live. Throng11 Jesus Christ Our Lord" (p. : DrnYC?rS show that the use of nloderII English in public ' does llot neC(:?;~arily del)rive tile collgregation of t h e devot.iona ul'es of Vast 0 1 . Cut i t off fro111 catholic liturgical t r ad i t ion . Gerhnrd A Iierc arcb twrnty-three furir:1.al sermons, first published in 19 rc~ylsed i n vart and ~reparr:d for publication t)y the au thor ' s son l'. I3artenher~cr Tllc collection iticludes serrllons pre i~ched at the of iL suicide, :In aged hlirid eo~l\-crt, a younz 111an \v110 died sud< -. ~)rei~lnt.ure child, n yollng fa~hi:r. J. Ii. I lartenberger, p a s t o r fo Pc'al'.', i l l lied Jlud. lllrnois. d i d 13ot write these serxrlons w i t h a hi~vil~l: 1 llenl ;~l)llc':i~. i ~ i print. T h e y nrr silllplt: in language, horn ul~atlr.)r~~cd i r i sI).lc. l?ut for tllis yensoI1, they a r e also r e f r e s h lllc i'rc;~c!ll~!r 5 l )~ ikkx l ~ l i ~ i ~ r l y xn(1 zoes right to the l l f a r t of t h e m hali(i. l i i k ~ ~ l r x t seriotisly, relating i t to sjlecific c i r c u n i l i (111% l i f l l i l l ld d(!iitli of the dcepabed. There is ill t h e serrxlons both I ' l d 1 I 1 , ' r h ~ preachel. slleaks t h e c o m f o r Gospel with concern for people a n d also with the authori ty of a su re Word of God. It is well t ha t Baker Book House has reprinted, in i t s Preaching Helps Series, t h i s book of funeral sermons by a Lutheran pastor who knew how to speak Law and Gospel to people's needs. Gerhard Aho HIGHLIGHTS O F CHRISTIAN MISSIONS. Ry Harold R. Cook. Moody Press, Chicago, 1967. 256 pages. Cloth. $4.95. "A History and Survey" is the subtitle of th i s brief, popular history of missions in t h e New Testaillent church. T h e history of nlissions is re- viewed in ninety pages from t h e days of the apostles to t h e ecuillenical nlovement. T h e next forty pages t rea t "A Survey of Home Jlissions," touching the Indians, the Negroes, frontiersmen and highlanders, rural a n d city missions. The various continents a r e reviewed in 110 pages, in- cluding India, Pakistan, Ceylon, Southeastern Asia, China, Japan and Korea, t he Middle East, Africa, Latin America, Oceania, and Europe. A selected reading l is t is added, and an index. T h e author keeps the promise of the title, "Highlights," in a pleasant style. F o r high school, Saturday instruction, a Bible Class series, and siinilar applications th is brief his- tory deserves to be recomnlended. Otto F . Stcrhlke ROOSTERS LOUD IN AFRICA. By Iringard Muske. Translated by Erich Hopka, a r t by Betty Wind. Concordia Publishing House. St . Louis, 1968. 126 pages. Cloth. $3.75. This is t he story of Gerda Helvig, doctor in a South African nlission hospital. The s ty le of wri t ing and the iilakeup of the book reconimend th is simple ta le to the candy-striper set, who might well be recruited for service in mission hospitals. Their inothers in the Lutheran Women's Missionary League will also find i t pleasing and instructive reading. This reviewer can vouch for the anthenticity of t h e narrative after a brief visit to several nlissionary hospitals in Nigeria and an extended visit with Bantu pastors and nlissionaries of the new Evangelical Lutheran Church of Southern Africa. The story also demonstrates tha t t h e rela- tions between the races a r e everywhere not so vitiated by the apartheid problem a s thc Aillerican reader might have come t o believe. Otto E'. Stahllce THE SIGN LANGUAGE O F OUR FAITH. I\y Helen S tua r t Griffith. Wm. B. Eerdnians Publishing Conipany, Grand Rapids, 1966. 96 pages. Paper. $1.95. This is one of the finest little books we have seen for teaching Chris- t ian symbolisnl t o the laity. T h e author intends that t he reader o r stu- dent will become acquainted not only with the "pictures" of the faith, b u t with the fa i th which i s expressed by symbols and emblems and figures. We see a number of excellent devices i n th is paperback edi Technical terms a r e kept to a minimum. The drawings of t h e ecclc tical s ~ n ~ b o l s a r e crisp, clear and simple. There i s a str iving f o r au ticity. Scripture and church fa thers are quoted i n a responsible ma Moreover, the author has chosen the most significant symbols. ShC not cluttered the book with remote or confusing references. This is a fine reference book for the church library. I t could be profitably used for a course i n symbolism in youth o r a d u l t cl: The symbols provide a good review of the ac ts of God, the Perst Christ, t he apostles, and the chief doctrine of t h e holy, Chr i s t i an CHURCH MUSIC IN TRANSITION. By William Loyd HooPer. Broa I'ress, Nashville, 1968. 208 pages. Cloth. $4.00. The dust cover of this volume states Most studies in church lnusic are devoted primarily to de merit within the three large liturgical denominations of E u r O p America-the Ronla~i Catholic, the Lutheran, and t h e Angl ican c o ~ a l ) . Ghlhl.ch Jlqlsic i ? ~ Tynnsitio?~ is distinct in t h a t i t is from the perspective of nonliturgical denominations . . . the of church nlusic froill Bible tillles to the present, wi th n l a j o r em the evangelical g r o u ~ s in the United States. Contents irlclllde a historical survey of music in t h e Old Testanients, music iri t h e Early Church, during the ~ e f o r m a t i o ~ p Singing school, tlie Gospel Sollg, the ~iitlsic of the Baptists , Meth Presbyterians a!ld I)isciples, l l~usic ill worship, and 1,roblems an spects for better church music. The author wisely cautions against the danger of r i t u a l i s n l in ~ i c a l ( l a ( [ nonliturgical worship, both of which can fall in to the pit rigid inflesi1)ilit.y (pp. J . T G - ~ T ~ ) . ~~~~~h Af1 l . v i f : i i z rl'nlns,it io.i1 is both rendable and i n f o r m a t i v e volume will assist l i t ~ r g i c a l l y - ~ r i ~ ~ ~ t ~ d Christians to gain a better s t .andin~ of the corporate worship life of nlillions of n o n l i t u r g i c a l gelicals. have unfortunately done precious l i t t le to a p p r e c i a t e a dcrsta~ld the others' point of vielvi.. hlost Lu theran readers, however, will illso fillish r e a d i n g thi t h a n k l l ~ ~ God for the rich liiusicai heritage of their own c h u r c h - shanlc 'hat, we do riot make fuller llse of what \ve llave. Kenneth Bu~Z BOOKS RECEIVED Lutl~er- f o r ( f ? ~ IJ'CI~~IICIL~CNZ ..I!Jc. C a r l S. J l rycr , ctditor. Concordi:l l-'rr;.)lishing Ilouse. St. I , o i ~ ~ s , l!)f;7. .311 I'ogcs, iIlot11, $11.00. r/,lli: . ~ r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ; ~ ~ , / , / ~ ~ ~ t . I I O ? . ~ ( Z . I;? ~ : I ! \ v ~ I I . ( ~ I < : I I ~ ~ : I I I ~ . WIII . 1:. 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